SET 1: CDC MODEL SET 2076
Group
‘A’
1. Answer the following questions in one sentence:
a) What is search engine?
Ans: A search engine is an online tool that
helps users find information on the internet using keywords or phrases, and
provides relevant results.
b) What is the business done through the internet?
Ans: E-commerce is the business done
through the internet.
c) Which data type is used to store numeric characters or special symbols in
MS-Access?
Ans: Text (Short Text) data type is used to
store numeric characters or special symbols in MS-Access.
d) Which view is used to modify a table in MS-Access?
Ans: Design View is used to modify a table
in MS-Access.
e) What is modular programming?
Ans: Modular programming is a programming
technique which divides program into many small logical, manageable and
functional modules or blocks.
f) Write any two features of C language.
Ans: Any two features C language are as
follows:
a) C is a structured programming language.
b) C is a simple and portable (machine-independent)
language.
2. Write appropriate technical term for the following:
a) Law that governs the legal issues of cyberspace. Ans: Cyber Law
b) The smallest unit to represent information on a quantum computer. Ans: Qubit
3. Write the full form of the following:
a) STP: Shielded Twisted Pair
b) WAP: Wireless Application Protocol
Group
‘B’
4. Answer the following questions:
a) What is computer network? Enlist any two advantages of it.
Ans: Computer network is a group of two or more
computers and devices connected to each other through wired or wireless media
to exchange data and information and share hardware, software and other
resources.
Any two advantages of computer network are:
1. A network connected computers can share hardware
devices such as scanner, printer, hard disk, etc.
2. It can communicate and share information all over the
world through Internet.
b) What is computer ethics? Write any two of them.
Ans: Computer ethics is a set of moral
principles and guidelines that govern the responsible and proper use of
computers and computer software. Any two commandments (provisions) of computer
ethics are:
1. Should not use a computer to harm other people.
2. Should not use a computer to publish fake information.
c) What is software security? Write any two measures of hardware security.
Ans: Software security is the protection of
computer programs and applications from threats, such as hacking, virus
attacks, and unauthorized access, to ensure their confidentiality, integrity,
and availability.
Any two measures of hardware security are:
a) Regular Maintenance and Dust free environment
b) Power Protection device (Volt guard, Spike guard, UPS)
d) What is M-commerce? Write its two important services.
Ans: M-commerce is the process of buying
and selling goods and services through mobile devices like smartphones and
tablets. The two important services of m-commerce are:
a) Mobile Shopping: Buy products or services directly from mobile apps like
Daraz, Hamrobazar, or Amazon.
b) Mobile Payments: Make payments using mobile apps like eSewa or Khalti.
e) What is IoT? Write any two importance of it.
Ans: Internet of Things (IoT) is a network
of interconnected physical devices that can collect and exchange data over the
internet without requiring human intervention. Any two importance of IoT are:
1. IoT increases automation and efficiency.
2. It provides real-time data for smart decisions.
f) What is database? Give any two examples.
Ans: Database is a collection of
systematically organized inter-related data which store, manage, and retrieve
data.
Any two examples of database are: Dictionary and Marks
Ledger.
g) What is primary key? Write any two advantages of it.
Ans: Primary key is a field or set of
fields that uniquely identifies each record in a database table.
Any two advantages of primary key are:
a) It identifies each record of a table uniquely.
b) It reduces and control duplication of records in a table.
h) What is data sorting? Write any two advantages of using it.
Ans: Data sorting is the process of
arranging all the records in a table either ascending or descending order based
on one or more fields. Any two advantages of using data sorting are:
1. It makes it easier to find records quickly.
2. It helps to analyse and compare data efficiently.
i) What types of work is done in MS-Access using Form and query object?
Ans: Form is used in MS Access to provide
graphical interface to view, modify and add data in a table or multiple linked
tables.
Query is used to view, retrieve, change and analyze
records from a table or multiple linked tables based on specified condition.
5. Write down the output of the given program. (Show
with dry run in table).
DECLARE SUB SHOW(A)
CLS
N=87
CALL SHOW(N)
END
SUB SHOW(A)
DO
B=A MOD 6+3
IF B MOD 4=0 THEN GOTO AA
PRINT B;
AA:
A=A-10
LOOP WHILE A>=50
END SUB
Ans: Dry run table:
|
A(N)
|
B =A MOD 6+3
|
Is B MOD 4=0?
|
PRINT B;
|
A=A-10
|
WHILE A>=50
|
|
87
|
87 MOD 6 + 3=6
3+3=6
|
6 MOD 4=0
2=0 NO
|
6
|
87-10=77
|
77>=50 yes
|
|
77
|
77 MOD 6 + 3 =8
5+3=8
|
8 MOD 4=0
0=0YES
|
|
77-10=67
|
67>=50 yes
|
|
67
|
67 MOD 6 + 3=4
1+3=4
|
4 MOD 4=0
0=0 YES
|
|
67-10=57
|
57>=50 yes
|
|
57
|
57 MOD 6 + 3=6
3+3=6
|
6 MOD 4=0
2=0 NO
|
6
|
57-10=47
|
47>=50 no
(Loop Exits)
|
The output of a program is:
6 6
6. Re-write the given program after correcting the
bugs:
REM to add record in an existing file
CLS
OPEN “Record.Dat” FOR OUTPUT AS #1
AA:
INPUT “Enter Name, Class and Roll No.”; Nm$, Cl, Rn
INPUT #2, Nm$, Cl, Rn
INPUT “More records”; Y$
IF UCASE$(Y$)=”Y” THEN GOTO aa
CLOSE “Record.dat”
END
Ans: Debugged program:
REM to add record in an existing file
CLS
OPEN “Record.Dat” FOR APPEND AS
#1
AA:
INPUT “Enter Name, Class and Roll No.”; Nm$, Cl, Rn
WRITE #1, Nm$, Cl, Rn
INPUT “More records”; Y$
IF UCASE$(Y$)=”Y” THEN GOTO AA
CLOSE #1
END
7. Study the following program and answer the given
questions:
(2×1=2)
basic
OPEN “Detail.dat” FOR INPUT AS #1
OPEN “Temp.dat” FOR OUTPUT AS #2
INPUT “Enter name of the students”; S$
FOR I=1 TO 10
INPUT #1, Nm$,
Cl, A
IF S$ <>
Nm$ THEN
WRITE #2,
Nm$, Cl, A
END IF
NEXT I
CLOSE #1, #2
KILL “Detail.dat”
NAME “Temp.dat” AS “Detail.dat”
END
a) What is the main objective of the program given
above?
Ans: The main objective of the program
given above is to delete the record according to the entered name.
b) Do you get any problem in the above program if the “Kill” statement is
removed? Give reason.
Ans: Yes, the program will display the
error message and it won’t delete the record.
Group
‘C’
8. Convert / Calculate as per the instruction:
a) 
b) 
c) 
d) 
Ans:
a) CD₁₆ b) 1000001100₂
c) 110001₂ d) Quotient
= 100₂, Remainder = 10₂
9. Answer the following: (4×2=8)
a) Write a program in QBASIC that asks length, breadth and height of a room and
calculates its area and volume. Create a user-defined function to calculate
area and a sub-program to calculate volume.
Hint: 
, 
DECLARE FUNCTION AREA(L,B)
DECLARE SUB VOL(L,B,H)
CLS
INPUT “Enter Length”; L
INPUT “Enter Breadth”; B
INPUT “Enter Height”; H
PRINT “Area of room=”; AREA(L,B)
CALL VOL(L,B,H)
END
FUNCTION AREA(L,B)
AREA = L * B
END FUNCTION
SUB VOL(L,B,H)
V=L*B*H
PRINT “Volume of Room=”; V
END SUB
b) A sequential data file called “Record.txt” has
stored data under the field headings: Roll No., Name, Gender, English, Nepali,
Maths and Computer. Write a program to display all the information of those
students whose gender is “F” and obtained marks in Computer is more than 90.
OPEN “Record.txt” FOR INPUT AS #1
CLS
WHILE NOT EOF(1)
INPUT #1, R, N$, G$, E, N, M, C
IF UCASE$(G$)=”F” AND C>=90 THEN
PRINT "Roll No:";R N$; G$; E; N; M; C
PRINT "Name:";N$
PRINT "Gender:";G$
PRINT "Marks in English:";E
PRINT "Marks in Nepali:";N
PRINT "Marks in Maths:";M
PRINT "Marks in Computer:";C
END IF
WEND
CLOSE #1
END
10. Write a program in C language that asks a
number and checks whether it is odd or even.
#include<stdio.h>
int
main( )
{
int
a;
printf(“Enter
any number”);
scanf(“%d”,
&a);
if
(a %2==0)
printf("It
is EVEN");
else
printf("It
is ODD");
return
0;
}
OR
Write a program in C language to display the series
with their sum: 
up to 10th term.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i,a=1,s=0;
for(i=1;i<=10;i++)
{
printf("%d",a);
s=s+a;
a=a+1;
}
printf("The sum is %d",s);
return 0;
}
SET
2: PABSON 2081-A
Group
"A"
1. Answer the following questions in one sentence:
a. What is web browser?
Ans: A web browser is a software
application that allows users to access, retrieve, and view websites on the
Internet.
b. What is the business conducted through wireless
handheld device?
Ans: The business done through the mobile
is M-Commerce.
c. Which data type is used to video file in MS-Access?
Ans: OLE Object data type is used to store
video file in MS-Access.
d. What is Filtering?
Ans: Filtering is the process of viewing
required record of a table that matches the specifies criteria.
e. Write difference between function procedure and sub
procedure.
Ans: A function procedure returns a value
to the calling module, while a sub procedure does not return any value to the
calling module.
f. Write any two header files of C language.
Ans: Two header files of C language are
stdio.h and math.h.
2. Write appropriate technical term for the following:
a. It is the act of copying someone else's work and
publishing it as your own work. Ans: Plagiarism
b. The process of converting original representation of
the information, known as plaintext, into an alternative form known as
ciphertext. Ans: Encryption
3. Write the full form of the following:
a. ASCII: American Standard Code for Information
Interchange
b. MAC: Media Access Control
Group
"B"
4. Answer the following questions:
a. Define computer network. List the types of computer
network.
Ans: Computer network is a group of two or
more computers and devices connected to each other through wired or wireless
media to exchange data and information and share hardware, software and other
resources.
The main three types of computer network are:
1. LAN
(Local Area Network)
2. MAN
(Metropolitan Area Network)
3. WAN
(Wide Area Network)
b. What is cyber ethics? List any two of them.
Ans: Cyber ethics is a set of moral
principles and guidelines that govern the responsible and safe use of
computers, internet and digital technologies.
Any two examples of cyber ethics are:
a) Do not use the internet to cyberbully or to spread false information online.
b) Don't use the Internet to download or share copyrighted material.
c. What is computer security? Write any two measures
of hardware security.
Ans: Computer security refers to the
protection of computer systems, networks, and data from unauthorized access,
theft, damage, or disruption. Any two measures of hardware security are:
a) Regular Maintenance and Dust free environment
b) Power Protection device (Volt guard, Spike guard, UPS)
d. What is m-computing? Write advantages of
m-computing.
Ans: Mobile computing is necessary in the
present time because it allows people to access information and communicate anytime
and anywhere using mobile devices. Advantages of mobile computing are:
a) It allows people to work and communicate from anywhere
at any time.
b) It increases the productivity of users by reducing
time and cost.
e. What is VR? Write two application areas of VR.
Ans: Virtual Reality is the use of computer
technology to create a simulated environment that feels like a real world to
the user. Any two application areas of Virtual Reality are:
1. Gaming and entertainment
2. Education and training
f. What is query? List its types.
Ans: Query is one of the MS-Access database
objects that is used to view, retrieve, change and analyze records from a table
or multiple linked tables based on specified condition.
Types of query are:
1. Select Query
2. Action Query (Append, Update, Delete and Make
Table)
g. Define filtering. Write two examples of it.
Ans: Filtering is the process of viewing
required record of a table that matches the specifies criteria. Examples of
filtering are:
a) Display all students whose grade is 'A'.
b) Show all employees whose salary is greater than 30,000.
h. Define primary key. Write any two advantages of it.
Ans: Primary key is a field or set of
fields that uniquely identifies each record in a database table.
Any two advantages of primary key are:
a) It identifies each record of a table uniquely.
b) It reduces and control duplication of records in a table.
i. What is field and database.
Ans: A field is a single column in a table
that stores one type of information about all records.
A database is a collection of systematically organized
inter-related data which store, manage, and retrieve data.
5. Write down the output of the given program. Show
with dry run-in table.
CLS
P=1: Q=1
CALL DISP(P,Q)
END
SUB DISP(M,N)
WHILE (N<=5)
PRINT M
M=M*10+N
N=N+1
WEND
END SUB
Ans:
|
P
|
Q
|
M
|
N
|
N<=5
|
PRINT
M
|
M=M*10+N
|
N=N+1
|
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1<=5
Yes
|
1
|
1x10+1
11
|
1+1=2
|
|
|
|
11
|
2
|
2
<=5 Yes
|
11
|
11*10+2
112
|
2+1=3
|
|
|
|
112
|
3
|
3<=5
Yes
|
112
|
112*10+3
1123
|
3+1=4
|
|
|
|
1123
|
4
|
4<=5
Yes
|
1123
|
1123*10+4
11234
|
4+1=5
|
|
|
|
11234
|
5
|
5<=5
Yes
|
11234
|
11234*10+5
112345
|
5+1=6
|
|
|
|
112345
|
6
|
6<=5
No
Loop
Exits
|
|
|
|
The output of the program is:
1
11
112
1123
11234
6. Re-write program after correcting the bugs:
REM To display some records from data file
"info.dat"
CLS
OPEN "MARKS.DAT FOR INPUT AS #1
PRINT "Roll , "Name", "English",
"Nepali", "Maths"
DO WHILE NOT EOF()
INPUT #1,RN,N$,E,Ne,M
PRINT R,N$,E,Ne,M
END WHILE
CLOSE #1
END
Ans:
Debugged Program:
REM To display some records from data file
"info.dat"
CLS
OPEN "INFO.DAT” FOR INPUT AS #1
PRINT "Roll , "Name",
"English", "Nepali", "Maths"
DO WHILE NOT EOF(1)
INPUT #1,RN,N$,E,Ne,M
PRINT RN,N$,E,Ne,M
LOOP
CLOSE #1
END
7. Study the following program and answer the given
questions:
DECLARE SUB TEST (A, B, C)
LET X=4
LET Y=7
LETZ=12
CALL TEST (X, Y, Z)
PRINT X, Y, Z
END
SUB TEST (A, B, C)
A=A+3
B-B+2
SUM=A+B+C
PRINT SUM
END SUB
a. List the arguments and parameters used in the above
program.
Ans: The arguments
are: X, Y and Z
The
parameters are: A, B, C
b. List local variables used in each module.
Ans:
The local variables used in main module are X, Y and Z
The
local variables used in sub procedure are: A, B, C and SUM.
Group
"C"
8. Convert/calculate as per the instruction:
a. (10101011)2 = (?)16 Ans: (AB)16
b. (641)10 = (?)2 Ans:
(1010000001)2
c. (1010) x (11) - (101) Ans:
(11110)2
d. (101101) / (110) Ans: Q = 111 R
= 11
9. a. Write a program in QBASIC that asks for the
radius and height of a cylinder and calculates its surface area and volume.
Create a user-defined function to calculate the surface area and a sub-program
to calculate the volume. Hint: Surface Area=2*pi*r* (r+h). Volume= pi*r^2*h]
DECLARE FUNCTION TSA(R,H)
DECLARE SUB VOL(R,H)
CLS
INPUT “ENTER THE RADIUS: ”;R
INPUT “ENTER THE HEIGHT: ”;H
PRINT “THE TSA OF CYLINDER: ”;TSA(R,H)
CALL VOL(R,H)
END
FUNCTION TSA(R,H)
A = 2*3.14*R*(R+H)
TSA = A
END FUNCTION
SUB VOL(R,H)
V = 3.14*R^2*H
PRINT “THE VOLUME OF CYLINDER: ”; V
END SUB
b. A sequential data file called
"Employee.txt" has stored data under the field headings Employee ID,
Name, Gender, Department, and Salary. Write a program to display all the
information of those employees whose salary is greater than 50,000 and the
department is "IT".
OPEN " Employee.txt " FOR INPUT AS #1
CLS
WHILE NOT EOF (1)
INPUT #1, ID, N$, G$, D$, S
IF UCASE$(D$) = “TT” AND S>50000 THEN
PRINT "Employee ID:"; ID
PRINT "Name:"; N$
PRINT "Gender:"; G$
PRINT "Department:"; D$
PRINT "Salary:"; S
END IF
WEND
CLOSE #1
END
10. Write a program in C language that asks three
integer number and display smallest among three numbers.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a,b,c;
printf("Enter 1st number:");
scanf("%d" , &a);
printf("Enter 2nd number:");
scanf("%d" , &b);
printf("Enter 3rd number:");
scanf("%d" , &c);
if(a<b && a<c)
printf("The smallest number is %d", a);
else if(b<a && b<c)
printf("The smallest number is %d", b);
else
printf("The smallest number is %d", c);
return 0;
}
OR
Write a program in C language to display reverse of an
multi digit integer input number.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n, s, r;
s=0;
printf("Enter any number: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
while(n>0)
{
r=n%10;
s=s*10+r;
n=n/10;
}
printf("Reverse digits= %d",s);
return 0;
}
SET
3: PABSON 2081-B
Group
A
1. Answer the following questions in one sentence
a) Write the different architecture of computer
network.
Ans: The three types of network
architecture are: Peer to Peer Network, Client-Server Network and Centralized
Network.
b) What is Cyber bullying?
Ans: Cyberbullying refers to harassment or
bullying that takes place through electronic devices and digital platforms,
such as the internet, social media, or messaging apps.
c) Write any two services provided by Internet.
Ans: Any two services provided by Internet
are E-mail and E-Commerce.
d) Which query is used to make change the data present
in the database.
Ans: Action Query (Update Query) is used to
make changes in data stored in the database.
e) What is Primary Key?
Ans: Primary key is a field or set of
fields that uniquely identifies each record in a database table.
f) Write any two types of operators used in C
language.
Ans: Any two operators used in C language
are relational operator {E.g.: greater than (>), less than (<)} and
arithmetic operator {E.g.: addition (+), subtraction (-)}
2. Write appropriate technical term for the following:
a) Law that governs the legal issues of cyberspace. Ans:
Cyber Law
b) The website that search documents for specified
keywords in Internet. Ans: Search Engine
3. Write the full form of the following:
a) POP: Post
Office Protocol
b) ISP: Internet Service Provider
Group
B
4. Answer the following questions:
a) Differentiate between LAN and MAN.
Ans: The difference between LAN and MAN
are:
|
LAN (Local Area Network)
|
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
|
|
A LAN is a network that connects computers and devices
within a small area such as a home, office, or school.
|
A MAN is a network that connects computers and devices
across a city or metropolitan area, linking multiple LANs.
|
|
Example: Computer lab network, cybercafé
network.
|
Example: Cable TV network, DSL telephone
network.
|
b) What is network topology? Write about star topology
with suitable diagram.
Ans: Network topology is the physical or
logical arrangement of computers and other network devices in a computer
network. It is the inter-connected pattern of network components. Diagram draw yourself
c) Write any four opportunities and threats in social
media opportunities threats.
Ans: Any four opportunities (advantages) of
social media are:
1. It allows people to connect easily across the world.
2. It helps in sharing information and ideas quickly.
3. It is useful for business promotion and marketing.
4. It provides a platform for learning and news updates.
Any four threats (disadvantages) of social media are:
1. It can be used to spread false information or rumours.
2. It may lead to cyberbullying and harassment.
3. It can waste time and reduce productivity.
4. Personal information can be misused or stolen.
d) What is Online Payment? Write the different forms
of e-payment in Nepal.
Ans: Online payment refers to the
payment for buying goods or services through the Internet using different
online payment gateway. The different forms of e-payment in Nepal are: Credit
Cards, Debit Cards , EFTPOS (Electronic Fund Transfer at Point of Sale), Internet
Banking, Mobile Banking, and Digital Wallets: eSewa, Khalti, IME Pay, etc.
e) What is cloud computing? What are the services
provided by cloud computing.
Ans: Cloud Computing is a technology
that allows users to access and manage computing resources such as servers,
storage and applications over the internet. The services provided by cloud
computing are:
a) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
b) Software as a Service (SaaS)
c) Platform as a Service (PaaS)
f) Define Data and Information.
Ans: Data is raw facts and figures that
have not been processed or organized. It has no context or meaning by itself.
Example: Diya, 1000, account, balance, etc.
Information is processed and organized data that is
meaningful. It has context or meaning.
Example: Diya has 1000 balance in her bank account.
g) What is MS-Access? Write the features of MS-Access.
Ans: MS-Access (Microsoft Access) is a
Database Management System (DBMS) developed by Microsoft that is used to store,
manage, and retrieve data in an organized way.
Any four features of MS-Access are:
a) It allows the creation of relational databases.
b) It provides forms for easy data entry.
c) It enables queries to retrieve and analyse data.
d) It generates reports for data presentation.
h) Define action query.
Ans: Action query is a type of query used
to make changes to data in one or more tables. It can add, update, delete, or
create records instead of just displaying them. The different types of query
are: delete query, update query, append query and make table query.
i) What is table? Write the basic components of table.
Ans: A table is a collection of related
data organized in rows and columns in a database. Database is composed of one
or more tables. The components of table are field(column) and record(row)
5. Write down the output of the given program. Show
with dry run in table.
DECLARE SUB TEST(A$)
CLS
A$="PABSON"
CALL TEST(A$)
END
SUB TEST(A$)
FOR 1=1 TO LEN(A$)
B$ = MID$(A$, I, 1)
C$=C$+B$
NEXT I
PRINT C$
END SUB
Ans: Dry Run Table:
|
A$
|
I =
1 TO LEN(A$)
|
B$ =
MID$(A$, I, 1)
|
C$=C$+B$
|
PRINT
C$
|
|
PABSON
|
1 TO
6 Yes
|
P
|
P
|
|
|
2 TO
6 Yes
|
A
|
P+A=PA
|
|
|
3 TO
6 Yes
|
B
|
PA+B=PAB
|
|
|
4 TO
6 Yes
|
S
|
PAB+S=PABS
|
|
|
5 TO
6 Yes
|
O
|
PABS+O=PABSO
|
|
|
6 TO
6 Yes
|
N
|
PABSO+N=PABSON
|
|
|
7 TO
6 No
(Loop
Exits)
|
|
|
PABSON
|
The output of the program is:
PABSON
6. Rewrite the given program after correcting the bugs.
REM to display the data from sequential data file
"marks.dat” having marks in english more than 35
CLS
OPEN “marks.dat” FOR OUTPUT AS#1
WHILE NOT EOF(2)
INPUT #1, N$, ENG, NEP, SCI
ENG+NEP+SCI = TOT
IF TOT >35 THEN PRINT N$, ENG, NEP, SCI
NEXT
CLOSE #1
END
Debugged Program:
REM to display the data from sequential data file
"marks.dat” having marks in English more than 35
CLS
OPEN “marks.dat” FOR INPUT AS#1
WHILE NOT EOF(1)
INPUT #1, N$, ENG, NEP, SCI
TOT = ENG+NEP+SCI
IF ENG >35 THEN PRINT N$, ENG,
NEP, SCI
WEND
CLOSE #1
END
7. Study the following program and answer the given
questions:
DECLARE FUNCTION GRADE (A)
CLS
INPUT "ENTER A NUMBER"; B
C=GRADE(B)
PRINT C
END
FUNCITON GRADE(X)
WHILE X< >0
R = X MOD 10
Z = Z + R
X = INT(X/10)
WEND
GRADE=Z
END SUB
a) How many parameters are used in the above program?
Ans: One parameter is used in the above program.
Note: A
and X is formal parameter and B is actual parameter.
b) List the different library functions used in the
program.
Ans: The library functions used in the program is INT().
Group
C
8. Convert/calculate as per the instruction:
a) (111)10 into (Binary) Ans: (1101111)2
b) (212)8 into (Hexadecimal) Ans: (8A)16
c)11001-10101 Ans:
101110
d) 100101 / 1100 Ans:
Q = 11 R = 1
9. a) Write a program in
QBasic that ask to enter three different numbers then find out Product and
Average. Create
a user defined function PROD( ) to
calculate product and sub procedure AVG( ) to calculate average.
DECLARE
FUNCTION PROD(A, B, C)
DECLARE
SUB AVG(A, B, C)
CLS
INPUT
“Enter first number:”; A
INPUT “Enter second number:”; B
INPUT “Enter third number:”; C
PRINT
“Product of three numbers:”; PROD(A, B, C)
CALL
AVG(A, B, C)
END
FUNCTION
PROD(A, B, C)
P
= A * B * C
PROD=P
END
FUNCTION
SUB
AVG(A, B, C)
AV=(A+B+C)/3
PRINT
“Average of three numbers:”; AV
END
SUB
b) A sequential data file called "data.dat"
has stored data under the field heading item name, quantity and rate. Write a
program to display all the records with total.
OPEN "data.dat" FOR INPUT AS #1
CLS
WHILE NOT EOF(1)
INPUT #1, N$, Q, R
T = Q * R
PRINT “Item Name:”;N$
PRINT “Quantity:”;Q
PRINT “Rate:”;R
PRINT “Total:”;T
WEND
CLOSE #1
END
Next Method:
OPEN “data.dat” for INPUT AS #1
CLS
PRINT “Name”, “Quantity”, “Rate”, “Total”
WHILE NOT EOF(1)
INPUT #1, N$, Q,
R
T = Q * R
PRINT N$, Q, R, T
WEND
CLOSE #1
END
10. Write a program in C language to ask to enter a
number then find out whether it is even or odd.
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int n;
printf("Enter any number: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
if(n%2= =0)
{
printf("%d is even number", n);
}
else
{
printf("%d is odd number", n);
}
return 0;
}
OR
Write a C program to display the series 1, 4, 9. up to
10th term.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 1, i;
for (i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
{
printf("%d
", a*a);
a=a+1;
}
return 0;
}
Set
4: NPABSON - 2081 (Kaski)
Group
‘A’
1. Answer the following questions in one sentence:
a. What
is search engine?
Ans: A search engine is an online tool that
helps users find information on the internet using keywords or phrases, and
provide relevant results.
b. What
is business done through the mobile?
Ans: The business done through the
mobile is M-Commerce.
c. Which
view is used to modify a table structure in MS-Access?
Ans: The Design View is used to modify the
structure of a table.
d. Write
any two objects of MS-Access.
Ans: Any two objects of MS-Access are:
Table and Query.
e. Write
any two features of C-language.
Ans: Any two features C language are as
follows:
a) C is a structured programming language.
b) C is a simple and portable (machine-independent)
language.
c) C provides fast execution and efficient performance.
f. What
is modular programming?
Ans: Modular programming is a programming
technique which divides program into many small logical, manageable and
functional modules or blocks.
2. Write appropriate technical term for the following:
a. A company which provides services of Internet. Ans: Internet Service
Provider (ISP)
b. Computer program that protects computer from computer virus. Ans: Antivirus software
3. Write the full forms of following:
a. G2B: Government to Business
b. POP: Post Office Protocol
Group
‘B’
4. Answer the following questions:
a. What is computer Network? List any two importance
of it.
Ans: Computer network is a group of two or
more computers and devices connected to each other through wired or wireless
media to exchange data and information and share hardware, software and other
resources.
Any two importance (advantages) of computer network are:
1. A network connected computers can share hardware
devices such as scanner, printer, hard disk, etc.
2. It can communicate and share information all over the
world through Internet.
b. What is e-commerce? Write two features of e-commerce.
Ans: E-Commerce (Electronic Commerce) is
the process of buying and selling goods and services online using the Internet.
Any two features (advantages) of e-commerce are:
1. Shop 24/7 from anywhere with Internet access.
2. Easily compare products, prices, and reviews.
c. What is IoT? Write any two importance of it.
Ans: Internet of Things (IoT) is a network
of interconnected physical devices that can collect and exchange data over the
internet without requiring human intervention. Any two importance of IoT are:
1. IoT increases automation and efficiency.
2. It provides real-time data for smart decisions.
d. What is primary key? Write its features.
Ans: Primary key is a field or set of
fields that uniquely identifies each record in a database table.
Any two features of primary key are:
1. Uniqueness: All values must be unique.
2. No Null Values: No value should be empty (NULL).
e. What is data sorting? Write its two advantages.
Ans: Sorting is the process of arranging
all the records in a table either ascending or descending order based on one or
more fields. Any two advantages of sorting are:
i) It makes it easier to find records quickly.
ii) It helps to analyse and compare data efficiently.
f. Define form. Write any two uses of it.
Ans: Form is one of the MS-Access database
objects which provides graphical interface to view, modify and add data in a
table or multiple linked tables. Any two uses of form are:
1. It is used to enter new records into a table.
2. It is used to view or update existing records.
g. What is Topology? Draw the figure of star topology.
Ans: Network topology is the physical or
logical arrangement of computers and other network devices in a computer
network. It is the inter-connected pattern of network components.
h. What is virtual reality? List any two application areas of it.
Ans: Virtual Reality is the use of computer
technology to create a simulated environment that feels like a real world to
the user. Any two application areas of Virtual Reality are:
1. Gaming and entertainment
2. Education and training
i. What is database? Give any two examples.
Ans: A database is a collection of
systematically organized inter-related data which store, manage, and retrieve
data.
Any two examples of database are: Dictionary and
Telephone Directory
5. Write the output of the given program with a dry
run table.
Declare SUB xyz(N$)
CLS
Let NS = "COMPUTER"
Call xyz(N$)
END
SUB xyz(NS)
FOR I = LEN(N$) TO 1 STEP -2
Print MID$(N$, I, 1)
Next I
END SUB
Ans: Dry Run Table:
|
N$
|
FOR I = LEN(N$) TO 1 STEP -2
|
MID$(NS, I, 1)
|
PRINT
|
|
COMPUTER
|
8 TO 1 YES
|
MID$("COMPUTER", 8, 1)
|
R
|
|
|
6 TO 1 YES
|
MID$("COMPUTER", 6, 1)
|
T
|
|
|
4 TO 1 YES
|
MID$("COMPUTER", 4, 1)
|
P
|
|
|
2 TO 1 YES
|
MID$("COMPUTER", 2, 1)
|
O
|
|
|
0 TO 1 NO (Loop Exits)
|
|
|
The output of program is:
R
T
P
O
6. Re-write the given program after correcting the
bugs: $(2)$
Basic
CLS
Do
Open
"O", #1, "student.dat"
Input
"enter name"; N$
Input
"enter address"; A$
Input
"enter post"; P$
Input
"enter salary"; S$
Write#1, N$,
A$, P$, S
Input "Do
you need more[Y/N]"; X$
Loop while X$ = "Y" and X$ = "y"
Close
End#1
Ans: Debugged Program:
CLS
Open "O", #1, "student.dat"
DO
INPUT
"enter name"; N$
INPUT
"enter address"; A$
INPUT
"enter post"; P$
INPUT
"enter salary"; S
WRITE #1, N$,
A$, P$, S
INPUT "Do
you need more[Y/N]"; X$
LOOP WHILE UCASE$(X$) = "Y"
CLOSE #1
END
7. Study the following program and answer the
following questions:
DECLARE SUB PAL(N)
CLS
Let N = 11011
N$ = STR$(N)
CALL PAL(N)
END
SUB PAL(N)
FOR I = LEN(N$) TO 1 step -1
X$ = MID$(N$,
I, 1)
X = VAL(X$)
D = D + X * 2 ^
P
P = P + 1
Next I
Print N
Print D
END SUB
a) Write the use of VAL in the above program.
Ans: The use of VAL is to convert a string
character back into a numeric value.
b) List out the library functions.
Ans: The library functions (built-in
functions) used in the program are: STR$, LEN, MID$ and VAL.
Group
'C'
8. Convert/Calculate as per instruction:
a. 
b. 
c. 
d. 
9. a. Write a program in QBASIC that asks
radius of a circle to calculate its area and circumference. Create a user
defined function to calculate area and sub program to calculate circumference.
DECLARE FUNCTION AREA(R)
DECLARE SUB CIRCUMFERENCE(R)
CLS
INPUT "Enter the radius of the circle: ", R
PRINT "Area of the circle: "; AREA(R)
CALL CIRCUMFERENCE(R)
END
FUNCTION AREA(R)
A = 3.14* R * R
AREA = A
END FUNCTION
SUB CIRCUMFERENCE(R)
C = 2 * 3.14 * R
PRINT "Circumference of the circle: "; C
END SUB
b. A sequential datafile called
"employee.dat" has stored data under the field heading Name, Post,
Salary and E-mail. Write a program to display all the information of employees
whose Post is "MANAGER" and salary is greater than 50,000.
OPEN "employee.dat" FOR INPUT AS #1
CLS
WHILE NOT EOF(1)
INPUT #1, N$,
P$, S, E$
IF UCASE$(P$) =
"MANAGER" AND S > 50000 THEN
PRINT
"Name: "; N$
PRINT
"Post: "; P$
PRINT
"Salary: "; S
PRINT
"E-mail: "; E$
PRINT
END IF
WEND
CLOSE #1
END
10. Write a program in C-language that asks any two
numbers and displays the greatest among them.
#include<stdio.h>
int main( )
{
int a,b;
printf("Enter 1st number:");
scanf("%d ", &a);
printf("Enter 2nd number:");
scanf("%d ", &b);
if(a>b)
{
printf("The greatest number is %d", a);
}
else
{
printf("The greatest number is %d", b);
}
return 0;
}
OR
Write a C program to display first 10 odd numbers.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i,a=1;
for(i=1;i<=10;i++)
{
printf("%d",a);
a=a+2;
}
return 0;
}
SET
5: PABSON 2080 (KOSHI)
Group
‘A’
1. Answer the following questions in one sentence:
a) Write the different modes of communication.
Ans: The different modes of communication are simplex,
half-duplex, and full-duplex.
b) What is IoT?
Ans: Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of interconnected
physical devices that can collect and exchange data over the internet without
requiring human intervention.
c) List the different LAN topology.
Ans: The different LAN topologies are bus, star, and ring
topology.
d) What is Global Variable in QBasic?
Ans: Variables which are declared outside the procedure and
whose values can be accessed from any procedure or module are called global
variables.
e) What is tuple?
Ans: Tuple is a single row in a table that contains all the
information about one item or entity.
f) Write any two data types used in C-language.
Ans: The two data types used in C language
are int and float.
2. Write appropriate technical term for the following:
a) Sending and receiving messages electronically through
the Internet. Ans: Email
(Electronic Mail)
b) Services provided by the government to public via
electronic media especially using Internet.
Ans: E-Governance (Electronic Governance)
3. Write the full form of the following:
a) FTP: File Transfer Protocol
b) B2B: Business to Business
Group
‘B’
4. Answer the following questions:
a) What is computer network? Write any two
advantages of computer network.
Ans: Computer network is a group of two or more computers and
devices connected to each other through wired or wireless media to exchange
data and information and share hardware, software and other resources.
Any two advantages of computer network are:
1. A network connected computers can share hardware
devices such as scanner, printer, hard disk, etc.
2. It can communicate and share information all over the
world through Internet.
b) List any four areas where AI can help us.
Ans: Any four areas where AI can help us are:
a) It helps in healthcare (diagnosis and treatment)
b) It helps in education (smart learning systems)
c) It helps in transportation (self-driving vehicles)
d) It helps in robotics and automation
c) What is digital footprint? Write any two
points to reduce the size of digital footprint while using internet.
Ans: A digital footprint is the trail of data and information
left behind by an individual's online activities which includes social media
posts, website visits, online purchases, and other digital engagements.
Any two points to reduce the size of digital footprint
while using internet are:
a) Unsubscribe or delete accounts and social media profiles that are no longer
in use.
b) Limit what you share online: Avoid posting unnecessary personal information.
d) Mention the benefits and limitations of
E-commerce.
Ans: Benefits (Advantages) of E-Commerce
are:
a) Shop 24/7 from anywhere with Internet access.
b) Easily compare products, prices, and reviews.
Limitations (Disadvantages) of E-Commerce are:
a) No personal touch; cannot physically check goods.
b) Requires Internet and devices; dependent on technology.
e) Define Encryption and Decryption.
Ans: Encryption is the process of converting original, readable
data (plaintext) into an unreadable, encoded form (ciphertext) to prevent
unauthorized access. Done by the sender before sending the data.
Decryption is the reverse process of converting the
unreadable ciphertext back into its original, readable plaintext form. Done by
the receiver using the decryption key.
f) What is RDBMS? Write any two examples.
Ans: RDBMS is a type of database management system that stores
data in tables and allows relationships between tables using keys. Any two
examples of RDBMS are: MySQL and Microsoft Access.
g) Write the functions of Primary key.
Ans: The functions of Primary key are:
a) It identifies each record of a table uniquely.
b) It reduces and control duplication of records in a table.
c) It sets relationships between tables in a database.
d) It maintains data integrity by ensuring accuracy of records in a table.
h) What is query? Write its types.
Ans: Query is one of the MS-Access database objects that is
used to view, retrieve, change and analyze records from a table or multiple
linked tables based on specified condition. Different types of query are: Select
Query and Action Query (Update, Delete, Append, Make Table).
i) Define Form and Report.
Ans: Form is one of the MS-Access database objects which provides
graphical interface to view, modify and add data in a table or multiple linked
tables.
Report is one of the MS-Access database objects used to
present information in an effective and organized format that is ready for
printing.
5. Write down the output of the given program. Show
with dry run in table.
DECLARE FUNCTION PRE(A)
CLS
A = 12345
S = PRE(A)
PRINT S
END
FUNCTION PRE(A)
WHILE A <> 0
R = A MOD 10
S = S + R
A = A \ 10
WEND
PRE = S
END FUNCTION
Ans: Dry Run Table:
|
A
|
WHILE A < >0
|
R = A MOD 10
|
S = S + R
|
A = A \ 10
|
PRINT S (PRE = S)
|
|
12345
|
12345<>0 YES
|
=12345 MOD 10
=5
|
=0+5=5
|
12345\10
=1234
|
-
|
|
1234
|
1234<>0 YES
|
1234 MOD 10
=4
|
=5+4=9
|
1234\10
=123
|
-
|
|
123
|
123<>0 YES
|
123 MOD 10
=3
|
=9+3=12
|
123\10=12
|
-
|
|
12
|
12<>0 YES
|
12 MOD 10
=2
|
12+2=14
|
12\10=1
|
-
|
|
1
|
1<>0 YES
|
1 MOD 10=1
|
14+1=15
|
1\10=0
|
-
|
|
0
|
0<>0 NO
(LOOP EXITS)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
15
|
The output of the program is:
15
6. Re-write the given program after correcting the
bugs:
REM to create sequential data file "record.dat"
to delete some records.
CLS
OPEN "record.dat" FOR INPUT AS #1
OPEN "new.dat" FOR OUTPUT AS #1
WHILE NOT EOF(#1)
INPUT #1, N$, A$, PH
PRINT N$, A$, PH
INPUT "Do you want to delete this
record?(y/n)"; an$
IF LCASE(an$) <> "y" THEN
WRITE #2, N$, A$, PH
END IF
WEND
CLOSE #1, #2
DEL "record.dat"
NAME "new.dat" AS "record.dat"
END
Ans: Debugged program:
REM to create sequential data file "record.dat"
to delete some records.
CLS
OPEN "record.dat" FOR INPUT AS #1
OPEN "new.dat" FOR OUTPUT AS #2
WHILE NOT EOF(1)
INPUT #1 N$, A$, PH
PRINT N$, A$, PH
INPUT "Do you want to delete this
record?(y/n)"; an$
IF LCASE$(an$) < > "y" then
WRITE #2, N$, A$, PH
ENDIF
WEND
CLOSE #1, #2
KILL "record.dat"
NAME "new.dat" AS "record.dat"
END
7. Study the following program and answer the given
questions:
DECLARE SUB TEN(A$)
B$ = "SCIENCE"
CALL TEN(B$)
END
SUB TEN(C$)
L = LEN(C$)
FOR I = 1 TO 4
D$ = MID$(C$,
I, L)
PRINT TAB(I);
D$
L = L - 2
NEXT I
END SUB
a) How many parameters are used in the above
program?
Ans: One parameter is used in the above program
b) List the different library functions used in
the above program.
Ans: The different library functions used in the above program
are: MID$(), LEN(), TAB().
8. Convert/calculate as per the instruction:
a) (11011)₂ into Decimal number
b) (2AF)₁₆ into Octal number
c) 1100 × 100 – 101 = (?)₂
d) 10001 ÷ 110
Ans:
a) (27)₁₀
b) (1257)₈
c) (101011)₂ d)
Quotient = 10 Remainder = 101₂
Group
‘C’
9. a) Write a program in QBasic that asks the radius
of a hemisphere and calculates its volume and total surface area. Create a
user-defined function First(r) to calculate volume and
sub-procedure Second(r) to calculate total surface area. [Hints: TSA
= 3πr², V = (2/3)πr³]
DECLARE FUNCTION First(r)
DECLARE SUB Second(r)
CLS
INPUT "Enter the radius of the hemisphere: ", r
PRINT "Volume of hemisphere: "; First(r)
CALL Second(r)
END
FUNCTION First(r)
V = (2 / 3) * 3.1416 * r ^ 3
First = V
END FUNCTION
SUB Second(r)
TSA = 3 * 3.1416 * r ^ 2
PRINT "Total Surface Area: "; TSA
END SUB
b) A sequential data file
called list.dat has stored data under the field heading items name,
quantity, and rate. Write a program to update all the records by increasing the
rate by 10%.
OPEN "list.dat" FOR INPUT AS #1
OPEN "temp.dat" FOR OUTPUT AS #2
WHILE NOT EOF(1)
INPUT #1,
item$, quantity, rate
rate = rate +
0.10 * rate
WRITE #2,
item$, quantity, rate
WEND
CLOSE #1, #2
KILL "list.dat"
NAME "temp.dat" AS "list.dat"
END
10. Write a program in C language to enter a number
and find out whether it is positive or negative.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n;
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
if (n > 0)
printf("The number is positive");
else if (n <
0)
printf("The
number is negative");
else
printf("The number is zero");
return 0;
}
OR
Write a C program to display the sum of first 10
natural numbers.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i,a=1,s=0;
for(i=1;i<=10;i++)
{
printf("%d",a);
s=s+a;
a=a+1;
}
printf("The sum is %d",s);
return 0;
}
SET
6: PABSON 2080 (Madhesh)
Group
'A'
1. Answer the following questions in one sentence:
a) What is data communication?
Ans: Data communication is the process
of transferring data and information between two or more computers and devices
through wired or wireless media.
b) What is computer virus?
Ans: A computer virus is malicious
software that attaches itself to other programs or files and spreads to other
computers which damage, corrupt, or delete data and disrupt system operations.
c) Name any two types of data file in QBasic.
Ans: Any two types of data file in QBasic are: Sequential Data
File and Random Data File
d) What is primary key?
Ans: Primary key is a field or set of fields that uniquely
identifies each record in a database table.
e) What is field?
Ans: Field is a single column in a table that stores one type
of information about all records.
f) What is C language?
Ans: C Language is a general purpose, high-level,
structured programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell
Laboratories in the early 1970s.
2. Write appropriate technical term for the following:
a) A network limited with a room or building. Ans: LAN (Local Area
Network)
b) Commercial transaction through mobile devices. Ans: M-Commerce (Mobile
Commerce)
3. Write the full form of the following:
a) UPS: Uninterruptible Power Supply
b) WWW: World Wide Web
Group
'B'
4. Answer the following questions:
a) What is transmission media? Write its types.
Ans: A channel or path through which data
and information are transmitted between connected devices in a network
environment is called communication media. The two main types of communication
media are:
1. Guided (Wired/bounded) communication media
2. Unguided (Wireless/unbounded) communication media
b) What is IoT? Write any two importance of it.
Ans: Internet of Things (IoT) is a network
of interconnected physical devices that can collect and exchange data over the
internet without requiring human intervention. Any two importance of IoT are:
1. IoT increases automation and efficiency.
2. It provides real-time data for smart decisions.
c) Write any four opportunities and threats of social media.
Ans: Any four opportunities (advantages) of
social media are:
1. It allows people to connect easily across the world.
2. It helps in sharing information and ideas quickly.
3. It is useful for business promotion and marketing.
4. It provides a platform for learning and news updates.
Any four threats (disadvantages) of social media are:
1. It can be used to spread false information or rumours.
2. It may lead to cyberbullying and harassment.
3. It can waste time and reduce productivity.
4. Personal information can be misused or stolen.
d) What is E-commerce? Write its types.
Ans: E-Commerce (Electronic Commerce) is
the process of buying and selling goods and services online using the Internet.
The types of E-Commerce Models are:
1. Business to Consumer (B2C)
2. Business to Business (B2B)
3. Consumer to Consumer (C2C)
4. Consumer to Business (C2B)
e) What is information security? Write any two
ways to protect our data.
Ans: Information security refers to the
protection of data and information from being accessed, changed or used by
unauthorized people. It ensures that information remains confidential,
accurate, and available only to people who are allowed to access it. Any two
ways to protect our data are:
a) Authentication System (Password and Biometric) and Use of Antivirus software
b) Cryptography (Encryption and Decryption) and Backup System
f) What is database? Write any two examples.
Ans: Database is a collection of systematically organized
inter-related data which store, manage, and retrieve data. Any two examples of
database are: Dictionary and Marks Ledger.
g) What is table? Write the basic components of
table.
Ans: Table is a collection of related data organized in rows
and columns in a database. Database is composed of one or more tables. The
basic components of table are as follows: Fields (columns) and Records (rows).
h) What is action query? Write its type.
Ans: Action query is a type of query used to make changes to
data in one or more tables. It can add, update, delete, or create records
instead of just displaying them. Different types of action query are: Append
query, Update query, Delete query, and Make Table query.
i) Define input mask and validation rule.
Ans: Input mask is a field property that controls the value of a
record and sets in a specific format.
Example: Date: 00/00/0000 → Ensures the date is entered like 07/01/2026.
Validation Rule is a field property which is used to
limit the values that can be entered into a field.
Example: If a field should only have numbers greater than 0, the validation
rule can be set as >0.
5. Write down the output of the given program. Show
with dry run in table.
DECLARE SUB SERIES()
CLS
CALL SERIES
END
SUB SERIES
A = 4
B = 5
PRINT A
PRINT B
FOR I = 1 TO 5
C = A + B
PRINT C
A = B
B = C
NEXT I
END SUB
Ans: Dry Run Table:
|
A
|
B
|
PRINT A
|
PRINT B
|
FOR C = 1 TO 5
|
C = A + B
|
PRINT C
|
A = B
|
B = C
|
|
4
|
5
|
4
|
5
|
1 TO 5 Yes
|
4+5=9
|
9
|
5
|
9
|
|
5
|
9
|
-
|
-
|
2 TO 5 Yes
|
5+9=14
|
14
|
9
|
14
|
|
9
|
14
|
-
|
-
|
3 TO 5 Yes
|
9+14=23
|
23
|
14
|
23
|
|
14
|
23
|
-
|
-
|
4 TO 5 Yes
|
14+23=37
|
37
|
23
|
37
|
|
23
|
37
|
-
|
-
|
5 TO 5 Yes
|
23+37=60
|
60
|
37
|
60
|
|
37
|
60
|
-
|
-
|
6 TO 5 No
(Loop Exits)
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
The output of the program is:
4
5
9
14
23
37
60
6. Re-write the given program after correcting the
bugs:
REM add some more record on a sequential data file
"emp.dat"
CLS
OPEN "emp.dat" FOR INPUT AS #1
UP:
INPUT "ENTER NAME: "; N$
INPUT "ENTER DEPARTMENT: "; D$
INPUT "ENTER POST: "; P$
INPUT "ENTER SALARY: "; SL
WRITE #2, N$, D$, P$, SL
INPUT "DO YOU WANT TO ADD MORE RECORD? (Y/N)";
ANS
IF UCASE$(ANS$) = "Y" THEN GOTO UP
CLOSE
END
Ans: Debugged Program:
REM add some more record on a sequential data file
"emp.dat"
CLS
OPEN "emp.dat" FOR APPEND AS #1
UP:
INPUT "ENTER NAME:”; N$
INPUT "ENTER DEPARTMENT” ; D$
INPUT "ENTER POST”; P$
INPUT "ENTER SALARY”; SL
WRITE #1, N$, D$, P$, SL
INPUT "DO YOU WANT TO ADD MORE RECORD?(Y/N)”; ANS$
IF UCASE$(ANS$)= "Y" THEN GOTO UP
CLOSE #1
END
7. Study the following program and answer the given
questions:
DECLARE FUNCTION TEST$(A$)
CLS
A$ = "KATHMANDU"
B$ = TEST$(A$)
PRINT B$
END
FUNCTION TEST$(A$)
FOR I = 1 TO LEN(A$)
D$ = MID$(A$,
I, 1)
IF I MOD 2 = 0
THEN
C$ = C$ +
UCASE$(D$)
ELSE
C$ = C$ +
LCASE$(D$)
END IF
NEXT I
TEST$ = C$
END FUNCTION
a) What is the name of the function procedure?
Ans: The name of the function procedure is TEST$().
b) List the different library functions used in
the program.
Ans: The different library functions used in the program are:
MID$(), UCASE$(), LCASE$()
Group
'C'
8. Convert/calculate as per the instruction:
a) (511)₁₀ into Binary number Ans: (111111111)₂
b) (756)₈ into Hexadecimal number Ans: (1EE)₁₆
c) 1001 × 101 – 11 = (?)₂ Ans: 101010₂
d) 1001001 ÷ 11001 Ans: Quotient = 10₂, Remainder = 10111₂
9. a) Write a program in QBasic that asks the radius
and height of a cylinder, then calculates its volume and total surface area.
Create a user-defined function VLM(r, h) to calculate volume and sub-procedure
TOTSA(r, h) to calculate total surface area. [Hints: TSA = 2πr(r+h), V = πr²h]
DECLARE FUNCTION VLM(r, h)
DECLARE SUB TOTSA(r, h)
CLS
INPUT "Enter radius: "; r
INPUT "Enter height: "; h
PRINT "Volume of the cylinder: "; VLM(r, h)
CALL TOTSA(r, h)
END
FUNCTION VLM(r, h)
V = 3.1416 * r
* r * h
VLM = V
END FUNCTION
SUB TOTSA(r, h)
TSA = 2 *
3.1416 * r * (r + h)
PRINT
"Total Surface Area of the cylinder: "; TSA
END SUB
b) A sequential data file called "marks.dat"
has stored data under the field heading student's name, Eng, Nep and Math.
Write a program to display all the records whose marks are greater than 35 in
all subjects.
OPEN "marks.dat" FOR INPUT AS #1
CLS
WHILE NOT EOF(1)
INPUT #1, N$, E, N, M
IF E > 35 AND N > 35 AND M > 35 THEN
PRINT “Name:”; N$
PRINT “Marks in English:”; E
PRINT “Marks in Nepali:”; N
PRINT “Marks in Math:”; M
END IF
WEND
CLOSE #1
END
10. Write a program in C language to ask to enter a
number, then find out whether it is odd or even number.
#include<stdio.h>
int
main( )
{
int
a;
printf(“Enter
any number”);
scanf(“%d”,
&a);
if
(a %2==0)
printf("It
is EVEN");
else
printf("It
is ODD");
return
0;
}
SET
7: PABSON 2080 (Bagmati)
Group
'A'
1. Answer the following questions in one sentence.
a) Which connector is used with coaxial cable?
Ans: BNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman) connector is used with coaxial
cable.
b) Why data decryption is necessary?
Ans: Data decryption is necessary to convert encrypted information
back into a readable form for authorized users.
c) Which data types are used to store graphics and
numeric characters in MS-Access?
Ans: OLE Object is used for graphics, and Number is used for numeric
characters in MS-Access.
d) List any two objects of MS-Access.
Ans: Any two objects of MS-Access are Table and Query.
e) What is the function of MOD in QBasic?
Ans: The function of MOD is to find remainder when one number is
divided by another.
f) Write the name of unary operators used in C
language.
Ans: The name of unary operators used in C language are: Increment
(++) and Decrement (--).
2. Write appropriate technical term for the following:
a) The protection of computer systems and sensitive
information from unauthorized access, theft or damage.
Ans: Cybersecurity
b) The Internet tool which is used to upload/download. Ans: FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
3. Write the full form of the following:
a) VOIP: Voice Over Internet Protocol
b) ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network
Group
'B'
4. Answer the following questions:
a) What is topology? Draw the figure of star topology.
Ans: Network topology is the physical or logical arrangement of
computers and other network devices in a computer network. It is the
inter-connected pattern of network components.
b) What is cyber-ethics? List out any two cybercrimes.
Ans: Cyber ethics is a set of moral principles and guidelines that
govern the responsible and safe use of computers, internet and digital
technologies. Any two cybercrimes are: Hacking and Phishing.
c) What is hardware security? Write any two measures
of software security.
Ans: Hardware security is the protection of the physical components
of a computer or electronic device from unauthorized access, loss, or damage.
Any two measures of software security are:
a) Authentication System (Password and Biometric) and Use of Antivirus software
b) Cryptography (Encryption and Decryption) and Backup System
d) What is E-government? Give any two examples.
Ans: E-governance is the use of information and communication
technology (ICT) by the government to provide services and information to
citizens electronically. Any two examples of e-governance services in Nepal
are:
a) Online PAN registration system
b) Online passport application system
e) Define cloud computing with example.
Ans: Cloud Computing is a technology that allows users to access and
manage computing resources such as servers, storage and applications over the
internet. Example: Google Drive, Dropbox, Amazon Web Services (AWS), etc.
f) Differentiate between Database and DBMS.
Ans: The differences between database and DBMS are as follows:
|
Database
|
DBMS
|
|
A database is a collection of systematically organized
inter-related data which store, manage, and retrieve data.
|
A DBMS (Database Management System) is a software that
allows users to store, manage, and retrieve data in an organized way.
|
|
Example: Dictionary, Marks Ledger, Telephone Directory
|
Example: Microsoft Access, MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server
|
|
It only stores data.
|
It manages, controls, and manipulates data.
|
g) What is primary key? Write its importance.
Ans: Primary key is a field or set of fields that uniquely
identifies each record in a database table.
Importance of Primary key are as follows:
a) It identifies each record of a table uniquely.
b) It reduces and control duplication of records in a table.
c) It sets relationships between tables in a database.
d) It maintains data integrity by ensuring accuracy of records in a table.
h) What is data type? List any two data types of
MS-Access.
Ans: Data type is a property in MS-Access which is used to define
the kind of data that a field can store, such as text, numbers, dates, or
objects. Any two data types of MS-Access are: Text (Short Text) and Number.
i) Why update query is necessary in Database system?
Give reason.
Ans: Update Query is necessary in a database system because of the
following reasons:
1. It
is used to modify or correct existing data in a table.
2. It
helps to keep the database accurate and up to date.
5. Write down the output of the given program. Show
with dry run in table.
DECLARE SUB show()
CLS
CALL show
END
SUB show
FOR I = 1 TO 7 STEP 3
S = S + I ^ 3
NEXT I
PRINT S
END SUB
Ans: Dry Run Table:
|
S
|
FOR I = 1 TO 7 STEP 3
|
S = S + I ^ 3
|
PRINT S
|
|
0
|
1 to 7 step 3 Yes
|
0 + 1³ = 1
|
-
|
|
1
|
4 to 7 step 3 Yes
|
1 + 4³ = 65
|
-
|
|
65
|
7 to 7 Yes
|
65 + 7³ = 408
|
-
|
|
408
|
10 to 7 No (Loop Exits)
|
Loop exits
|
408
|
The output of the program is: 408
6. Re-write the given program after correcting the
bugs:
REM display records of students from sequential data
file.
OPEN "STUDENT.DAT" FOR INP AS #1
PRINT "SNO", "NAME",
"ADDRESS", "CLASS", "SECTION"
WHILE NOT EOF
INPUT #1, SN,
N$, AD$, C, SE$
PRINT SN, N$,
AD$, C, SE$
NEXT
CLOSE #1
STOP
Ans: Debugged Program:
OPEN “STUDENT.DAT” FOR INPUT AS #1
PRINT “SNO”, “NAME”, “ADDRESS”, “CLASS”, “SECTION”
WHILE NOT EOF(1)
INPUT #1, SN, N$, AD$, C, SE$
PRINT SN, N$, AD$, C, SE$
WEND
CLOSE #1
END
7. Study the following program and answer the
questions.
DECLARE FUNCTION num(N)
FOR I = 1 TO 5
READ N
Z = num(N)
S = S + Z
NEXT I
PRINT S
DATA 11, 14, 16, 5, 7
END
FUNCTION num(N)
IF N MOD 2 = 0 THEN num = N
END FUNCTION
a) List the library function used in the above
program.
Ans: No library function is used in the program.
b) Write the name of the function used in the above
program.
Ans: The name of the function used in the above program is num()
Group
'C'
8. Convert/calculate as per the instruction:
a) (101110111)₂ = (?)₈ Ans:
(567)₈
b) (248)₁₀ = (?)₂ Ans: (11111000)₂
c) (1101)₂ × (110)₂ – (1011)₂ = (?)₂ Ans: (1000011)₂
d) (1011101)₂ ÷ (101)₂
Ans: Quotient = 10010₂, Remainder = 11₂
9. a) Write a program in QBASIC to print circumference
of a circle using SUB and volume of a cylinder using FUNCTION.
DECLARE SUB Circum(R)
DECLARE FUNCTION Volume(R, H)
CLS
INPUT "Enter radius of the circle: ", R
INPUT "Enter height of the cylinder: ", H
CALL Circum(R)
PRINT "Volume of cylinder: "; Volume(R, H)
END
SUB Circumference(R)
C = 2 * 22 / 7
* R
PRINT
"Circumference of the circle: "; C
END SUB
FUNCTION Volume(R, H)
VC= 22 / 7 * R
^ 2 * H
Volume = VC
END FUNCTION
b) A sequential data file “Employee.dat” has some
records with fields serial number, name, address, post and salary for the
number of employees. Write a program to display all the records of those
employees whose salary is more than Rs. 50000.
OPEN "Employee.dat" FOR INPUT AS #1
WHILE NOT EOF(1)
INPUT #1, SN,
N$, A$, P$, S
IF S > 50000
THEN
PRINT “Serial
Number:” SN$
PRINT
“Name:” N$
PRINT
“Address:” A$
PRINT
“Post:” P$
PRINT
“Salary:” S
END IF
WEND
CLOSE #1
END
10. Write a program to read any three integer numbers
from the keyboard and find the smallest number using C language.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a, b, c;
printf("Enter 1st number:");
scanf("%d ", &a);
printf("Enter 2nd number:");
scanf("%d ", &b);
printf("Enter 3rd number:");
scanf("%d ", &c);
if (a < b && a < c)
{
printf("The smallest
number is %d", a);
}
else if (b < a && b < c)
{
printf("The smallest
number is %d", b);
}
else
{
printf("The smallest
number is %d", c);
}
return 0;
}
OR
Write a program to print first 10 natural numbers using C language.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i,a=1;
for(i=1;i<=10;i++)
{
printf("%d",a);
a=a+1;
}
return 0;
}
SET
8: PABSON 2080 (Gandaki)
Group
'A'
1. Answer the following questions in one sentence.
a) What is e-banking?
Ans: E-banking refers to performing banking transactions online
using the internet.
b) What is mobile computing?
Ans: Mobile computing refers to the use of portable devices like
smartphones, tablets, and laptops to access and share information from
anywhere, without being tied to a specific location.
c) Give any two examples of DBMS.
Ans: Any two examples of DBMS are: Ms Access and MySQL.
d) Which view of Ms Access helps us to modify table?
Ans: Design View of MS Access helps us to modify a table.
e) Write down the types of modular programming.
Ans: Sub Procedure and Function Procedure are the types of modular
programming.
f) Write any two names of data types used in C
programming language.
Ans: Any two data types used in C are int and float.
2. Write appropriate technical terms for the
following.
a) A device that connects two dissimilar networks. Ans: Gateway
b) The technology to encode file or message. Ans: Encryption
3. Write the full forms of the following:
a) ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network
b) STP: Shielded Twisted Pair
Group
'B'
4. Answer the following questions:
a) What is browser? Give any two examples of browser.
Ans: A web browser is a software application that allows users to
access, retrieve, and view websites on the Internet. Two examples are Google
Chrome and Mozilla Firefox.
b) Define digital footprint. How can you manage your
digital footprint?
Ans: A digital footprint is the trail of data and information left
behind by an individual's online activities which includes social media posts,
website visits, online purchases, and other digital engagements.
Any two ways to manage your digital footprint are:
a) Unsubscribe or delete accounts and social media profiles that are no longer
in use.
b) Limit what you share online: Avoid posting unnecessary personal information.
c) What is software security? Write any two principles
of information security?
Ans: Software security is the protection of computer programs and
applications from threats, such as hacking, virus attacks, and unauthorized
access, to ensure their confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Any two key principles of information security are:
a) Confidentiality: Only authorized users can access the data resources and
information.
b) Integrity: Only authorized users should be able to modify the data when
needed.
d) What is E-commerce? Write any two advantages of
E-commerce.
Ans: E-Commerce (Electronic Commerce) is
the process of buying and selling goods and services online using the Internet.
Any two advantages of E-commerce are:
a) Shop 24/7 from anywhere with Internet access.
b) Easily compare products, prices, and reviews.
e) What is contemporary technology? Write any two
advantages of cloud computing.
Ans: Contemporary Technology is the Technology that is modern and
currently used in everyday life, which makes our life easier and faster. Any
two advantages of cloud computing are:
1. It reduces the cost of hardware and maintenance.
2. It provides easy access to data and applications from
anywhere using the internet.
f) Differentiate between data and information with
examples.
|
Data
|
Information
|
|
Data is raw facts and figures that have not been
processed or organized. It has no context or meaning by itself.
|
Information is processed and organized data that is
meaningful. It has context or meaning.
|
|
Example: Diya, 1000, account, balance, etc.
|
Example: Diya has 1000 balance in her bank account.
|
g) What is RDBMS? Write any two examples of it.
Ans: RDBMS is a type of database management system that stores data
in tables and allows relationships between tables using keys. Any two examples
of RDBMS are: MySQL and Microsoft Access.
h) What is key in DBMS? Write any two names of keys
available in DBMS.
Ans: Key is a field (or set of fields) in a table that is used to
identify records uniquely and establish relationships between tables. Any two
types of keys in DBMS are: Primary Key and Foreign Key.
i) What is query? Write any two ways of creating
query.
Ans: Query is one of the MS-Access database objects that is used to
view, retrieve, change and analyze records from a table or multiple linked
tables based on specified condition.
Any two ways of creating query are: Design View and Using
Query Wizard.
5. Write down the output of the given program. Show
with dry run in table.
DECLARE SUB DTB (N)
CLS
N = 5126
CALL DTB (N)
END
SUB DTB (N)
WHILE N <> 0
R = N MOD 10
S = S + R
N = N \ 10
WEND
PRINT S;
END SUB
Ans: Dry Run Table:
|
N
|
WHILE N <> 0
|
R = N MOD 10
|
S = S + R
|
N = N \ 10
|
PRINT S;
|
|
5126
|
5126<>0 YES
|
6
|
0+6=6
|
512
|
-
|
|
512
|
512<>0 YES
|
2
|
6+2=8
|
51
|
-
|
|
51
|
51<>0 YES
|
1
|
8+1=9
|
5
|
-
|
|
5
|
5<>0 YES
|
5
|
9+5=14
|
0
|
-
|
|
0
|
0<>0 NO
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
14
|
The output of the program is: 14
6. Rewrite the given program after correcting the
bugs:
REM WAP to create file “detail.dat” and insert some
records.
CLS
OPEN “detail.dat” FOR APPEND AS $5
TOP:
INPUT “Enter name, class and address”; n$, cl, a$
INPUT #5, n$, cl, a$
INPUT “Do you want to add more? {Y/N)”; C$
IF UCASE$(C$)=”Y” OR C$=”y” THEN GOTO down
CLOSE #5
END
Ans: Debugged Program:
REM WAP to create file “detail.dat” and insert some
records.
CLS
OPEN “detail.dat” FOR OUTPUT AS #5
TOP:
INPUT “Enter name, class and address”; n$, cl, a$
WRITE #5, n$, cl, a$
INPUT “Do you want to add more? {Y/N)”; C$
IF UCASE$(C$)=”Y” THEN GOTO TOP
CLOSE #5
END
7. Study the following program and answer the given
questions.
DECLARE FUNCTION count (N$)
INPUT "Enter a word"; W$
C = count (W$)
PRINT C
END
FUNCTION count (N$)
FOR K = 1 TO LEN (N$)
X$ = MID$ (N$,
K, 1)
IF UCASE$(X$) =
"A" THEN
X = X + 1
END IF
NEXT K
Count = X
END FUNCTION
a) What are the library functions used in the above
program?
Ans: The library functions used in the above program are: LEN( ),
MID$( ), and UCASE$( ).
b) Write the use of variable ‘C’ in line 3 in program
[i.e. C = count(W$)]
Ans: The use
of variable ‘C’ in line 3 in program [i.e. C = count(W$)] is to store the value (occurrence of character
“A”) returned by count function.
Group
'C'
8. Convert/calculate as per the instruction:
a) (A4D)₁₆ = (?)₂ Ans:
(101001001101)₂
b) (37)₁₀ = (?)₈ Ans:
(45)₈
c) (10101)₂ ÷ (101)₂ Ans:
Quotient = 100₂, Remainder = 1₂
d) (1111)₂ × (101)₂ Ans:
(1001011)₂
9. a) Write a program in QBASIC that asks height and
radius of cylinder and calculate its volume by user define function and total
surface area by sub procedure.
DECLARE FUNCTION VOL (R, H)
DECLARE SUB AREA (R, H)
CLS
INPUT "Enter radius of the cylinder: ", R
INPUT "Enter height of the cylinder: ", H
PRINT "Volume of cylinder: "; VOL(R, H)
CALL AREA(R, H)
END
FUNCTION VOL (R, H)
VC = 22 / 7 * R
* R * H
VOL = VC
END FUNCTION
SUB AREA (R, H)
TSA = 2 * 22 /
7 * R * (R + H)
PRINT
"Total Surface Area of cylinder: "; TSA
END SUB
b) A sequential data file called “student.txt” has
stored data under the field heading Name, Class, Address and Age. Write a
program to display all the information of those whose class is 10 and gender is
“male”.
OPEN "student.txt" FOR INPUT AS #1
CLS
WHILE NOT EOF(1)
INPUT #1, N$,
C, A$, AG$, G$
IF C = 10 AND
UCASE$(G$) = "M" THEN
PRINT
"Name: "; N$
PRINT
"Class: "; C
PRINT
"Address: "; A$
PRINT
"Age: "; AG$
END IF
WEND
CLOSE #1
END
10. Write a program in C language to check the
students whether that are pass or fail, when the pass mark is 45.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int m;
printf("Enter the marks: ");
scanf("%d", &m);
if (m >= 45)
{
printf("Pass");
}
else
{
printf("Fail");
}
Return 0;
}
OR
Write a program in C language to display the series with their sum 40, 41, 42,
43…….10th terms.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i,a=40,s=0;
for(i=1;i<=10;i++)
{
printf("%d",a);
s=s+a;
a=a+1;
}
printf("The sum is %d",s);
return 0;
}
SET
9: PABSON 2080 (Karnali/Sudurpaschim)
Group
'A'
1. Answer the following questions in one sentence:
a) What do you mean by primary key?
Ans: Primary key is a field or set of fields that uniquely
identifies each record in a database table. Example of Primary Key: StudentID
in a Student Table.
b) What is a database? Give example.
Ans: Database is a collection of systematically organized
inter-related data which store, manage, and retrieve data. Any two examples of
database are: Dictionary and Marks Ledger.
c) Define cyber ethics.
Ans: Cyber ethics is a set of moral principles and guidelines that
govern the responsible and safe use of computers, internet and digital
technologies.
d) Write any two keywords used in C-programming.
Ans: Any two keywords used in C-programming are int and float.
e) What do you mean by B2C model of e-commerce?
Ans: B2C (Business to Consumer) is a type of e-commerce in which
Businesses sell directly to individual customers.
f) What is the function of INT() in QBASIC
programming?
Ans: The INT() function returns the integer portion of a number by
removing the decimal part.
2. Write appropriate technical term for the following:
a) The device that is used to connect two networks with
different communication protocols. Ans: Gateway
b) A person who breaks computer security and uses a
computer and file present in it. Ans:
Hacker
3. Write the full form of the following:
a) VOIP: Voice Over Internet Protocol
b) WLAN: Wireless Local Area Network
Group
'B'
4. Answer the following questions:
a) What is computer network architecture? Mention its
types.
Ans: Network architecture is the design and layout of a network,
including how its components are arranged and how they interact. The three
types of network architecture are:
1. Peer
to Peer Network
2. Client-Server
Network
3. Centralized
Network
b) What do you mean by digital signature? Why it is
important?
Ans: Digital signature is an electronic code attached to a digital
message or document that verifies the identity of the sender and ensures the
message or document is authentic. It is important because of the following
reasons:
1. It
provides security, confirms the identity of the sender, ensures the information
has not been changed.
2. It
helps build trust in digital communications.
c) What is a firewall? Enlist the types of firewalls.
Ans: A firewall is a security system that monitors and controls
incoming and outgoing network traffic to protect systems from unauthorized
access and cyber threats.
The types of firewalls are as follows:
a) Hardware Firewall: A physical device that protects an entire network by
filtering traffic at its entry point.
b) Software Firewall: A program installed on an individual computer that
controls traffic to and from only that specific device.
d) Differentiate between computerized and
non-computerized databases.
|
Computerized Database
|
Non-Computerized Database
|
|
A database where data is stored and managed using a
computer and software.
|
A database where data is stored and managed manually
using files or registers.
|
|
Example: Student records stored in MS-Access.
|
Example: Student records written in a register.
|
|
Data can be searched and updated very fast.
|
Data is searched and updated slowly.
|
|
Data is more secure with passwords and backup.
|
Data is less secure and can be easily lost or damaged.
|
e) What is AI? Enlist two application areas of AI.
Ans: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science
that deals with creating intelligent machines capable of thinking, learning,
and making decisions like humans.
Any two application areas of AI are:
1. It
helps in healthcare (diagnosis and treatment)
2. It
helps in education (smart learning systems)
f) What is hardware security? Enlist any two measures
to protect it.
Ans: Hardware security is the protection of the physical components
of a computer or electronic device from unauthorized access, loss, or damage. Any
two measures of hardware security are:
a) Regular Maintenance and Dust free environment
b) Power Protection device (Volt guard, Spike guard, UPS)
g) What is field property in Ms-Access? Enlist any
four of them.
Ans: Field properties are the settings of a field that control how
data is stored, displayed, and entered in a table.
Any four field properties are: a) Field Size b) Format
c) Default Value d) Validation
Rule e) Validation Text
h) What is Indexing? Why form and report are used in
MS-Access?
Ans: Indexing is a database technique used to arrange data in a
field so that records can be searched, sorted, and accessed faster.
Form is used to provide graphical interface to view, modify and add data in a
table or multiple linked tables.
Report is used to present information in an effective and
organized format that is ready for printing.
i) What is Query? Write the types of Action Query.
Ans: Query is one of the MS-Access database objects that is used to
view, retrieve, change and analyze records from a table or multiple linked
tables based on specified condition.
Different types of Action Query are: Append Query, Update
Query, Delete Query and Make Table Query.
5. Write the output of the given program. (workout
with a dry-run table)
DECLARE SUB Show()
CLS
CALL Show
END
SUB Show
C=3
B=2
FOR I = 2 TO 8 STEP 2
PRINT C;
SWAP B, C
B = C + 1
NEXT I
END SUB
Ans: Dry Run Table:
|
B
|
C
|
FOR I = 2 TO 8 STEP 2
|
PRINT C;
|
SWAP B, C
|
B = C + 1
|
|
2
|
3
|
2 to 8 step 2 yes
|
3
|
B=3, C=2
|
2+1=3
|
|
3
|
2
|
4 to 8 step 2 yes
|
2
|
B=2, C=3
|
3+1=4
|
|
4
|
3
|
6 to 8 step 2 yes
|
3
|
B=3, C=4
|
4+1=5
|
|
5
|
4
|
8 to 8 step 2 yes
|
4
|
B=4, C=5
|
5+1=6
|
|
6
|
5
|
10 to 8 step 2 no
(Loop Exits)
|
|
|
|
The output of the program is:
3 2 3 4
6. Rewrite the given program after correcting bugs:
REM To add a few records in the existing data file
CLS
OPEN "emp.dat" FOR OUTPUT AS #2
DO
INPUT "Enter Employee Name, Post, Salary”; EN$,
POST$, SALARY
PRINT #2, EN$, POST$, SALARY
INPUT “ADD MORE RECORDS (Y/N)?”; C
LOOP WHILE UCASE$(C$)=”Y”
CLOSE #1
END
Ans: Debugged Program:
REM To add a few records in the existing data file
CLS
OPEN "emp.dat" FOR APPEND AS #2
DO
INPUT "Enter Employee Name, Post, Salary”; EN$,
POST$, SALARY
WRITE #2, EN$, POST$, SALARY
INPUT “ADD MORE RECORDS (Y/N)?”; C$
LOOP WHILE UCASE$(C$)=”Y”
CLOSE #2
END
7. Study the following program and answer the given
questions:
DECLARE FUNCTION SUM(N)
CLS
INPUT "Enter a number"; N
X=SUM(N)
PRINT "The sum of individual digits is"; X
END
FUNCTION SUM(N)
WHILE N<>0
R=N MOD 10
S=S+R
N=INT(N/10)
WEND
SUM=S
END FUNCTION
a) Name the user defined function in the above
program.
Ans: The user defined function in the above program is SUM().
b) How many times the WHILE WEND loop repeats If the
value of N is 1234?
Ans: 4 times the WHILE WEND loop repeats If the value of N is 1234.
Group
'C'
8. Calculate or convert as per the instructions:
a) (CA)₁₆ = (?)₁₀ Ans:
(202)₁₀
b) (652)₁₀ = (?)₈ Ans:
(1214)₈
c) (10101)₂ × (11)₂ – (1110)₂ Ans: (110001)₂
d) (111011)₂ ÷ (100)₂ Ans:
Quotient = 1110₂, Remainder = 11₂
9. a) Write a program in QBASIC to input a radius,
create a user defined function to calculate the volume of hemisphere and total
surface area (TSA) of the sphere using sub procedure.
DECLARE FUNCTION VOL (R, H)
DECLARE SUB AREA (R, H)
CLS
INPUT "Enter radius of the cylinder: ", R
INPUT "Enter height of the cylinder: ", H
PRINT "Volume of cylinder: "; VOL(R, H)
CALL AREA(R, H)
END
FUNCTION VOL (R, H)
V = 22 / 7 * R
* R * H
VOL = V
END FUNCTION
SUB AREA (R, H)
TSA = 2 * 22 /
7 * R * (R + H)
PRINT
"Total Surface Area of cylinder: "; TSA
END SUB
b) A sequential data file "record.dat” contains
the name, address, salary of employees, and displays the record of those whose
salary is more than 37000 and whose name ends with "DHA".
OPEN "record.dat" FOR INPUT AS #1
CLS
WHILE NOT EOF(1)
INPUT #1, N$, A$, S
IF S > 37000 AND RIGHT$(N$, 3) =
"DHA" THEN
PRINT "Name: "; N$
PRINT "Address: ";
A$
PRINT "Salary: ";
S
END IF
WEND
CLOSE #1
10. Write a C program to input a character and check
whether it is vowel or consonant.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char ch;
printf("Enter a character: ");
scanf("%c", &ch);
if (ch == 'A'
|| ch == 'E' || ch == 'I' || ch == 'O' || ch == 'U' ||
ch == 'a'
|| ch == 'e' || ch == 'i' || ch == 'o' || ch == 'u')
{
printf("It is a vowel");
} else {
printf("It is a consonant");
}
return 0;
}
OR
Write a program in C language to input a number and check whether it is a
palindrome or not.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n, rev=0, original;
printf("Enter a number: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
original=n;
while(n>0)
{
rem=n%10;
rev=s*10+r;
n=n/10;
}
printf("Reverse of an integer is %d",rev);
if (original == rev)
printf("The number is a
palindrome.");
else
printf("The number is
not a palindrome.");
return 0;
}
SET 10: SOS
EXAM 2080
Group
‘A’
1. Answer the following questions in one sentence:
a. Write any two examples of full duplex mode of data
transmission.
Ans: Any four examples of full duplex mode are: Mobile phones and Video
Call
b. Mention any two services of the Internet.
Ans: Any two services of the Internet are E-mail and E-Commerce.
c. Which query is used to make changes in data stored
in the database?
Ans: Action Query (Update Query) is used to make changes in data
stored in the database.
d. Which data type is also known as logical data type
in MS-Access?
Ans: Yes/No data type is known as the logical data type in
MS-Access.
e. List the modes of operation for opening a
sequential file.
Ans: The modes of operation for opening a sequential file are: INPUT
Mode, OUTPUT Mode and APPEND Mode.
f. Write any two looping statements used in C
language.
Ans: Any two looping statements used in C language are: 1) for loop 2) while loop
2. Write the appropriate technical term:
a. A network connecting device that boosts data signals. Ans:
Repeater
b. The use of computer technology to create a simulated
environment. Ans: Virtual Reality (VR)
3. Write the full form of the following acronyms:
a. OTP: One Time Password
b. PaaS: Platform as a Service
Group
‘B’
4. Answer the following questions:
a. “The Internet is called a network of networks.”
Justify.
Ans: The Internet is called a network of networks because it is
formed by connecting millions of smaller networks, such as LANs, MANs, and
WANs, across the world. These networks are linked together using common
communication protocols, allowing computers and devices everywhere to share
information and communicate with each other globally.
b. What is hacking? What is its purpose?
Ans: Hacking is the unauthorized access to computer systems or
networks, often done to steal data, destroy information, or disrupt services.
The purpose of hacking is to gain unauthorized access to
computer systems or networks to steal data, destroy information, or disrupt
services for personal, financial, or political gain.
c. Define antivirus software with four examples.
Ans: Antivirus software is a program that scans, detects, and
removes malicious software from a computer or device to protect it from
security threats.
Any four examples of popular antivirus software are: Norton
Antivirus, McAfee Antivirus, Bit defender and Kaspersky Antivirus.
d. What is E-commerce? Write any four Nepali
e-commerce websites.
Ans: E-Commerce (Electronic Commerce) is the process of buying and
selling goods and services online using the Internet. Any four Nepali
e-commerce websites are: daraz.com.np,
sastodeal.com, hamrobazaar.com and muncha.com.
e. What is AI? List any four areas of AI.
Ans: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science
that deals with creating intelligent machines capable of thinking, learning,
and making decisions like humans.
Any four areas where AI can help us are:
a) It helps in healthcare (diagnosis and treatment)
b) It helps in education (smart learning systems)
c) It helps in transportation (self-driving vehicles)
d) It helps in robotics and automation
f. What is DBMS? Name any four examples.
Ans: A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software that allows
users to store, manage, and retrieve data in an organized way. Any four
examples of DBMS software are: Microsoft Access, Oracle, MySQL and SQL Server.
g. Differentiate between field and record.
|
Field (Attribute)
|
Record (Tuple)
|
|
A single column in a table that stores one type of
information about all records.
|
A single row in a table that contains all information
about one item or entity.
|
|
Example: Symbol No., Name, Marks
|
Example: 00100202S, Aarambha Shrestha, 91
|
h. What is a report? Write any two importance.
Ans: Report is one of the MS-Access database objects used to present
information in an effective and organized format that is ready for printing.
Any two importance of a report are:
1) It presents data in a clear and well-organized format.
2) It makes printing of database information easy and
professional.
i. Write any four advantages of a computerized
database.
Ans: Any four advantages of computerized
database are:
1. It allows
a large volume of data to be stored and updated easily.
2. It reduces
data redundancy by avoiding duplicate data.
3. It ensures
data security and integrity.
4. It allows
data sharing among multiple users at the same time.
5. Output of the program (with dry run):
DECLARE SUB SHOW(A)
CLS
N=87
CALL SHOW(N)
END
SUB SHOW (A)
DO
B=A MOD 6+3
IF B MOD 4=0 THEN GOTO AA
PRINT B;
AA:
A=A-10
LOOP WHILE A>=50
END SUB
Ans: Dry run table:
|
A(N)
|
B =A MOD 6+3
|
Is B MOD 4=0?
|
PRINT B;
|
A=A-10
|
WHILE A>=50
|
|
87
|
87 MOD 6 + 3=6
3+3=6
|
6 MOD 4=0
2=0 NO
|
6
|
87-10=77
|
77>=50 yes
|
|
77
|
77 MOD 6 + 3 =8
5+3=8
|
8 MOD 4=0
0=0YES
|
-
|
77-10=67
|
67>=50 yes
|
|
67
|
67 MOD 6 + 3=4
1+3=4
|
4 MOD 4=0
0=0 YES
|
-
|
67-10=57
|
57>=50 yes
|
|
57
|
57 MOD 6 + 3=6
3+3=6
|
6 MOD 4=0
2=0 NO
|
6
|
57-10=47
|
47>=50 no
(Loop Exits)
|
The output of a program is:
6 6
6. Rewrite the program after correcting errors:
REM to add more data in a sequential file
OPEN “EMP.DAT” FOR INPUT AS #2
DO
INPUT “ENTER NAME”; N$
INPUT “ENTER ADDRESS”; A$
INPUT ENTER SALARY”; S$
WRITE #1, N$, A$, S
INPUT “Do you want tis add more records”; M$
LOOP WHILE UCASE(M$) ="Y"
END
Ans: Debugged Program:
REM To add more data in a sequential file
OPEN "EMP.DAT" FOR APPEND AS #1
DO
INPUT "ENTER NAME"; N$
INPUT "ENTER ADDRESS"; A$
INPUT "ENTER SALARY"; S
WRITE #1, N$, A$, S
INPUT "Do you want to add more records"; M$
LOOP WHILE UCASE$(M$) = "Y"
CLOSE #1
END
7. Study the following program and answer the given
questions:
DECLARE SUB PC(N)
CLS
INPUT "Emer a number"; N
CALL PC(N)
END
SUB PC (N)
FOR 1=2 TO N-1
R=N MOD I
IF C=0 THEN
PRINT "Prime number”
ELSE
PRINT "Composite number”
ENDIF
END SUB
a. What is the name of the sub procedure?
Ans: The name of the sub procedure is PC().
h List the local variables.
Ans: The local variables are: N, I, R and C
Group
‘C’
8. Convert/calculate as per the instructions:
(a) (100111101)₂ = (?)₁₆ Ans:
(13D)₁₆
(b) (912)₁₀ = (?)₈ Ans: (1620)₈
(c) (10010)₂ × (1110)₂ – (10101)₂ = (?)₂ Ans: (11100111)₂
(d) (1011101)₂ ÷ (111)₂ Ans: Quotient (Q) =
(1101)₂, Remainder (R) = (10)₂
9. a. Write a program in QBASIC that asks any number
and display its square and square root: Create a user- defined function to
calculate square root and a sub program to display the square of a number.
DECLARE FUNCTION SQRT(N)
DECLARE SUB SQUARE(N)
CLS
INPUT "Enter a number: ", N
CALL SQUARE(N)
PRINT "Square root: "; SQRT(N)
END
FUNCTION SQRT(N)
ST = SQR(N)
SQRT = ST
END FUNCTION
SUB SQUARE(N)
S = N*N
PRINT "Square: "; S
END SUB
b. A data file "Staff.dat” has stored records of
few employers with EmpID, name, address post and salary. Write a program is
display all the records of the employees whose address is "Nepal" and
salary is than 40.000
OPEN
"Staff.dat" FOR INPUT AS #1
CLS
WHILE
NOT EOF(1)
INPUT
#1, EID, N$, A$, P$, S
IF
UCASE$(A$) = "NEPAL" AND S < 40000 THEN
PRINT
"Employee ID:"; EID
PRINT
"Name:"; N$
PRINT
"Address:"; A$
PRINT
"Post:"; P$
PRINT
"Salary:"; S
END IF
WEND
CLOSE #1
END
10. Write a program in C language that asks any
integer value and checks whether it is odd or even.
#include<stdio.h>
int
main( )
{
int
a;
printf(“Enter
any number”);
scanf(“%d”,
&a);
if
(a %2==0)
printf("It
is EVEN");
else
printf("It
is ODD");
return
0;
}
OR
Write a program in C language to display the first 10
odd numbers.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i,a=1;
for(i=1;i<=10;i++)
{
printf("%d",a);
a=a+2;
}
return 0;
}
SET
11: PABSON EXAM -2079
Group
‘A’
1. Answer the following questions in one sentence.
a) Where does intranet has been used?
Ans: An intranet is used within organizations to share information
and resources among its members.
b) Write any two benefits of cloud computing.
Ans: Any two benefits of
cloud computing are:
1. It
reduces the cost of hardware and maintenance.
2. It
provides easy access to data and applications from anywhere using the internet.
c) Which data type is used to store date of birth of
an employee in MS-Access?
Ans: Date/Time data type is used to store date of birth of an
employee in MS-Access.
d) Write any two data type used in MS-Access database?
Ans: Any two data types used in MS-Access are: Text (Short Text) and
Number.
e) What are procedure in QBASIC?
Ans: The procedure used in QBASIC are SUB procedure and FUNCTION
procedure.
f) Write any two features in 'C' language.
Ans: Any two features in 'C' language are as follows:
a) C is a structured programming language.
b) C is a simple and portable (machine-independent)
language.
c) C provides fast execution and efficient performance.
2. Write appropriate technical term for the following.
a) The protocol that makes the network communication
possible. Ans: TCP/IP
b) Digital marks created while using Internet. Ans: Digital
Footprint
3. Write the full form of the following.
a) ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network
b) TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
Group
‘B’
4. Answer the following question in short.
a) Differentiate between peer to peer and
client-server network with figure.
|
Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Network
|
Client-Server Network
|
|
A peer-to-peer (P2P) network is a network in which each
computer acts as both client and server, sharing files and resources directly
without a central server.
|
A client-server network is a network in which one or
more servers provide services and resources to client computers.
|
|
Figure: Do Yourself
|
Figure: Do Yourself
|
|
It does not require a system administrator.
|
It requires a network administrator.
|
|
It has low security and difficult data backup and
recovery.
|
It has better security and easy centralized backup and
recovery.
|
b) What is cyber ethics? Give any two examples of it.
Ans: Cyber ethics is a set of moral principles and guidelines that
govern the responsible and safe use of computers, internet and digital
technologies.
Any two examples of cyber ethics are:
a) Do not use the internet to cyberbully or to spread false information online.
b) Don't use the Internet to download or share copyrighted material.
c) What is software security? Write any two measures
of software security.
Ans: Software security is the protection of computer programs and
applications from threats, such as hacking, virus attacks, and unauthorized
access, to ensure their confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Any two
measures of software security are:
a) Authentication System (Password and Biometric) and Use of Antivirus
software
b) Cryptography (Encryption and Decryption) and Backup System
d) Define E-Commerce? Write its importance.
Ans: E-Commerce (Electronic Commerce) is the process of buying and
selling goods and services online using the Internet. Any two importance
(benefits) of E-Commerce are:
a) Shop 24/7 from anywhere with Internet access.
b) Easily compare products, prices, and reviews.
e) Why mobile computing is necessary in present time?
Write any two importance of it.
Ans: Mobile computing is important now because it lets people use their phones
or tablets to get things done from anywhere, anytime, making life easier and
more efficient.
Any two importance of mobile computing are:
We can stay connected to all sources at all times.
We can interact with a variety of users via the Internet.
f) Differentiate between Primary key and foreign key
with example.
|
Primary Key
|
Foreign Key
|
|
It is a field or set of fields that uniquely identifies
each record in a table.
|
It is a field or set of fields that refers to the
primary key of another table to establish relationship between two tables.
|
|
It does not allow duplicate or NULL values.
|
It may allow duplicate values and NULL values.
|
|
There is only one primary key in a table.
|
There can be more than one foreign key in a table.
|
|
Example: StudentID in
a Student table.
|
Example: StudentID in a Class table
that refers to StudentID in a Student table.
|
g) What is query? List any two advantages of it.
Ans: Query is one of the MS-Access database objects that is used to
view, retrieve, change and analyze records from a table or multiple linked
tables based on specified condition.
Any two advantages of Query are:
1. It helps to retrieve specific data quickly from one or
more tables.
2. It makes sorting, filtering, and analyzing data easy.
h) What is data sorting? List any two advantages of
using it.
Ans: Data sorting is the process of arranging all the records in a table
either ascending or descending order based on one or more fields. Any two
advantages of using data sorting are:
1. It makes it easier to find records quickly.
2. It helps to analyse and compare data efficiently.
i) Define form. Write its importance
Ans: Form is one of the MS-Access database objects which provides
graphical interface to view, modify and add data in a table or multiple linked
tables.
The importance of form are as follows:
1. It is user-friendly and makes data entry easy.
2. It helps in reducing errors during data entry.
3. It allows better organization and display of data.
5. Write down the output of the given program. Show
with dry run in table.
DECLARE SUB SERIES()
CLS
CALL SERIES
END
SUB SERIES()
X=1
Y=2
FOR P = 1 TO 10
PRINT X;
X=X+Y
Y=Y+1
NEXT P
END SUB
Ans: Dry Run Table:
|
X
|
Y
|
FOR P=1
TO 10
|
PRINT
X:
|
X=X+Y
|
Y=Y+1
|
|
1
|
2
|
1 TO
10 Yes
|
1
|
1+2=3
|
2+1=3
|
|
3
|
3
|
2 TO
10 Yes
|
3
|
3+3=6
|
3+1=4
|
|
6
|
4
|
3 TO
10 Yes
|
6
|
6+4=10
|
4+1=5
|
|
10
|
5
|
4 TO
10 Yes
|
10
|
10+5=15
|
5+1=6
|
|
15
|
6
|
5 TO
10 Yes
|
15
|
15+6=21
|
6+1=7
|
|
21
|
7
|
6 TO
10 Yes
|
21
|
21+7=28
|
7+1=8
|
|
28
|
8
|
7 TO
10 Yes
|
28
|
28+8=36
|
8+1=9
|
|
36
|
9
|
8 TO
10 Yes
|
36
|
36+9=45
|
9+1=10
|
|
45
|
10
|
9 TO
10 Yes
|
45
|
45+10=55
|
10+1=11
|
|
55
|
11
|
10
TO 10 Yes
|
55
|
55+11=66
|
11+1=12
|
|
66
|
12
|
11
TO 10 No
(Loop
Exits)
|
|
|
|
The output of the program is:
1 3 6 10
15 21 28 26
45 55
6. Re-write the given program after correcting the
bugs:
REM to store record in data file
CLS
OPEN "employee.dat" FOR INPUT AS #1
DO
INPUT "Enter Name, address and gender": N$, A.
G
INPUT #1, N$, A. G
INPUT "Do you want to continue "; Y$
WHILE UCASE$(Y$) = "Y"
CLOSE "employee.dat"
END
Ans: Debugged Program:
REM to store record in data file
CLS
OPEN "employee.dat" FOR OUTPUT AS #1
DO
INPUT "Enter Name, address and gender": N$, A$,
G$
WRITE #1, N$, A$,G$
INPUT "Do you want to continue "; Y$
LOOP WHILE UCASE$(Y$) = "Y"
CLOSE #1
END
7. Study the following program and answer the given
questions:
DECLARE FUNCTION text$(N$)
CLS
INPUT "Enter any string": X$
PRINT text$(X$)
END
FUNCTION text$(N$)
FOR i = LEN(N$) TO 1 STEP -1
W$ = W$ + MID$(N$, i, 1)
NEXT i
text$ = W$
END FUNCTION
a) What is the main objective of above program?
Ans: The main objective of above program is to reverse the string.
b) List all the parameters used in above program.
Ans: The parameters used in above program are X$ and N$
Group
‘C’
8. Convert/ Calculate as per the instruction.
a) (10111101)₂ = (?)₈ Ans:
(275)₈
b) (645)₁₀ = (?)₁₆ Ans:
(285)₁₆
c) (10101)₂ × (111)₂ Ans:
(10010011)₂
d) (111110)₂ ÷ (110)₂ Ans:
Quotient = 1010₂, Remainder = 10₂
9. a) Write a program in QBASIC to input length and
breadth of room and calculate its area using function and perimeter using sub
procedure. [Hint: Area = lxb. Perimeter = 2(l+b)]
DECLARE FUNCTION AREA(L,B)
DECLARE SUB PERI(L,B)
CLS
INPUT "ENTER LENGTH: "; L
INPUT "ENTER BREADTH: "; B
PRINT "AREA OF RECTANGLE: "; AREA(L,B)
CALL PERI(L,B)
END
FUNCTION AREA(L,B)
AREA = L * B
END FUNCTION
SUB PERI(L,B)
P = 2 * (L + B)
PRINT "PERIMETER OF RECTANGLE: "; P
END SUB
b) A sequential data file called
"Records.dat" has stored data under the field heading Roll No., Name,
Gender, English, Nepali, Maths and Computer. Write a program to display all the
records of students whose marks in computer is more than 90.
OPEN “Record.txt” FOR INPUT AS #1
CLS
WHILE NOT EOF(1)
INPUT #1, R, N$, G$, E, N, M, C
IF C>=90 THEN
PRINT "Roll No:";R N$; G$; E; N; M; C
PRINT "Name:";N$
PRINT "Gender:";G$
PRINT "Marks in English:";E
PRINT "Marks in Nepali:";N
PRINT "Marks in Maths:";M
PRINT "Marks in Computer:";C
END IF
WEND
CLOSE #1
END
10. Write a program in C to sum of odd number from 80
to 90.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, a = 81,
s = 0;
for(i = 1; i
<= 5; i++)
{
printf("%d ", a);
s = s + a;
a = a + 2;
}
printf("The Sum is %d", s);
return 0;
}
OR
Write a program in 'C' language to input three number
and find greatest number among three numbers.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a, b, c;
printf("Enter
1st number:");
scanf("%d
", &a);
printf("Enter
2nd number:");
scanf("%d
", &b);
printf("Enter
3rd number:");
scanf("%d
", &c);
if (a < b && a < c)
{
printf("The greatest number
is %d", a);
}
else if (b < a && b < c)
{
printf("The greatest
number is %d", b);
}
else
{
printf("The greatest
number is %d", c);
}
return 0;
}
SET
12: PABSON 2078
Group
'A'
1) Give answer in one sentence for the following
question.
a) Define bandwidth.
Ans: Bandwidth is the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted
over a network or communication channel in a given amount of time.
b) What is cyber bullying?
Ans: Cyberbullying refers to harassment or bullying that takes place
through electronic devices and digital platforms, such as the internet, social
media, or messaging apps.
c) What is AI?
Ans: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science
that deals with creating intelligent machines capable of thinking, learning,
and making decisions like humans.
d) What is the storage size of memo and text data type
in MS- Access?
Ans: The storage size of text data type is 255
characters. The storage size of memo data type is 65,535
characters.
e) What is local variable?
Ans: A variable which is defined in a module and is not accessible
to any other module is called local variable.
f) What is an operator in C language?
Ans: An operator is a symbol that tells the compiler to perform a
specific operation on one or more operands.
2) Write appropriate technical terms for the
following.
a) Secret group of characters which helps to protect file
from unauthorized person. Ans: Password
b) A type of network in which every computer works as
both client and server. Ans: Peer to Peer Network
3) Write the full forms of the following.
i) ADSL: Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
ii) TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
Group
'B'
4) Answer the following questions.
a) Differentiate between LAN and WAN.
|
LAN (Local Area Network)
|
WAN (Wide Area Network)
|
|
A LAN is a network that connects computers and devices
within a small area such as a home, office, or school.
|
A WAN is a network that connects computers and devices
over a very large area, such as a country or the whole world.
|
|
Example: Computer lab network, cybercafé network.
|
Example: Internet, 4G mobile network, satellite
communication.
|
b) Write any four commandments of computer ethics.
Ans: Any four commandments of computer ethics are:
1. Should
not use a computer to harm other people.
2. Should
not use a computer to publish fake information.
3. Should
not snoop around in other people’s computer files.
4. Should
not destroy or delete the records of other people.
c) What is E- commerce? List any two E- commerce
companies in Nepal.
Ans: E-Commerce (Electronic Commerce) is the process of buying and
selling goods and services online using the Internet. Any two E-commerce
companies in Nepal are: daraz.com.np
and sastodeal.com.
d) What are the advantages of cloud computing?
Ans: The advantages of cloud computing are:
a) It reduces the cost of hardware and maintenance.
b) It provides easy access to data and applications from anywhere using the
internet.
c) It ensures safe data backup and easy recovery.
d) It provides large storage capacity.
e) What is VR? Mention its application areas.
Ans: Virtual Reality is the use of computer
technology to create a simulated environment that feels like a real world to
the user. Any two application areas of Virtual Reality are:
1. Gaming and entertainment
2. Education and training
f) What is DBMS? Give any two examples.
Ans: A DBMS (Database Management System) is a software that allows
users to store, manage, and retrieve data in an organized way. Any two
examples are MS-Access and Oracle.
g) What is primary key? List any two advantages.
Ans: Primary key is a field or set of fields that uniquely identifies each
record in a database table.
Any two advantages of primary key are:
a) It identifies each record of a table uniquely.
b) It reduces and control duplication of records in a table.
h) What is query?
Ans: Query is one of the MS-Access database objects that is used to view,
retrieve, change and analyze records from a table or multiple linked tables
based on specified condition.
Different types of query are:
1. Select Query
2. Action Query (Append, Update, Delete and Make
Table)
i) What is data sorting? Write its two advantages.
Ans: Sorting is the process of arranging all the records in a table
either ascending or descending order based on one or more fields.
Any two advantages of sorting are:
1) It makes it easier to find records quickly.
2) It helps to analyse and compare data efficiently.
5) Write down the output of the given programs.
DECLARE SUB DISPLAY(A)
CLS
A = 3
CALL DISPLAY(A)
END
SUB DISPLAY(A)
FOR X = 1 TO 6
PRINT A;
IF A MOD 2 = 0
THEN
A = A / 2
ELSE
A = (A * 3)
+ 1
END IF
NEXT X
END SUB
Ans: Dry Run Table:
|
A
|
FOR X=1 TO 6
|
PRINT A;
|
IS A MOD 2=0?
|
Yes (A=A/2)
|
No(A=A*3+1)
|
|
3
|
1 To 6 Yes
|
3
|
3 MOD 2=0
|
1=0 NO
|
3*3+1=10
|
|
10
|
2 To 6 Yes
|
10
|
10 MOD 2=0
|
0=0 YES
|
-
|
|
5
|
3 To 6 Yes
|
5
|
5 MOD 2=0
|
1=0 NO
|
5*3+1=16
|
|
16
|
4 To 6 Yes
|
16
|
16 MOD 2=0
|
0=0 YES
|
-
|
|
8
|
5 To 6 Yes
|
8
|
8 MOD 2=0
|
0=0 YES
|
-
|
|
4
|
6 To 6 Yes
|
4
|
4 MOD 2=0
|
0=0 YES
|
-
|
|
2
|
7 To 7 No
|
Loop
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
The output of the program is:
3 10 5 16 8 4
6) Re-write the given program after correcting the
bugs.
REM to add more data in a sequential file.
OPEN “EMP.DAT” FOR INPUT AS #2
DO
INPUT “ENTER NAME”; N$
INPUT “ENTER ADDRESS”; A$
INPUT “ENTER SALARY”; S$
WRITE #1, N$, A$, S
INPUT” Do you want to add more records.”; M$
LOOP WHILE UCASE(M$) = “Y”
END
Ans: Debugged Program:
REM to add more data in a sequential file.
OPEN “EMP.DAT” FOR APPEND AS #2
DO
INPUT “ENTER NAME”; N$
INPUT “ENTER ADDRESS”; A$
INPUT “ENTER SALARY”; S
WRITE #2, N$, A$, S
INPUT” Do you want to add more records.”; M$
LOOP WHILE UCASE$(M$) = “Y”
CLOSE #2
END
7) Study the given program and answer the given
questions.
DECLARE FUNCTION test$(A$)
CLS
INPUT "ENTER ANY WORD"; T$
PRINT test$(T$)
END
FUNCTION test$(A$)
FOR M = LEN(A$) TO 1 STEP -1
C$ = C$ +
MID$(A$, M, 1)
NEXT M
test$ = C$
END FUNCTION
a) List the formal and actual parameters used in the
program given above.
Ans: Formal parameter = A$ Actual
parameter = T$
b) List the library function used in the above
program.
Ans: The library function used in the above program is LEN( ) and
MID$( ).
Group
'C'
8) Convert/Calculate as per the instruction:
a) (CCA)₁₆ into binary Ans:
(110011001010)₂
b) (654)₁₀ into octal Ans:
(1216)₈
c) (111011)₂ ÷ (100)₂ Ans:
Quotient = 1110₂, Remainder = 11₂
d) (10101 - 1110)₂ × (10)₂ Ans: (1110)₂
9) Write a program in QBASIC that allows user to enter
radius of a circle. Create a user define function to find the area of circle
and sub procedure to find volume of a cylinder.
DECLARE FUNCTION AREA(R)
DECLARE SUB VOL(R, H)
CLS
INPUT "Enter Radius"; R
INPUT "Height"; H
PRINT "Area of Circle="; AREA(R)
CALL VOL(R, H)
END
FUNCTION AREA(R)
A = 3.14 * R ^ 2
AREA = A
END FUNCTION
SUB VOL(R, H)
V = 3.14 * R ^ 2 * H
PRINT "Volume of Cylinder="; V
END SUB
10) A sequential data file "emp.dat"
contains employee's name, address, gender and salary. WAP to display all the
information of employees whose salary is more than Rs. 20,000
OPEN "emp.dat" FOR INPUT AS #1
CLS
WHILE NOT EOF(1)
INPUT #1, N$,
A$, G$, S
IF S > 20000
THEN
PRINT “Name:”
N$
PRINT
“Address:” A$
PRINT “Gender:”
G$
PRINT “Salary:”
S
WEND
CLOSE #1
END
11) Write a program in C language to input any two
numbers and find greater number.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a, b;
printf("Enter any two numbers:\n ");
scanf("%d
%d", &a, &b);
if(a > b)
printf("The greater number is %d", a);
else
printf("The greater number is %d", b);
return 0;
}
OR
Write a program in C language that asks user to enter any number and check
whether the number is odd or even.
#include<stdio.h>
int
main( )
{
int
a;
printf(“Enter
any number”);
scanf(“%d”,
&a);
if
(a %2==0)
printf("It
is EVEN");
else
printf("It
is ODD");
return
0;
}
SET
13: NPABSON 2081(SURKHET)
GROUP
'A'
1. Answer the following questions:
a. What is transmission signal?
Ans: A transmission signal is a wave
or electrical current that is used to carry information from one place to
another through a medium such as wires or air.
b. What is logical threat in cyber field?
Ans: A logical threat in the cyber field
refers to a type of threat that targets the software, data, or systems of a
computer or network.
c. Which data type is suitable to store of student
name in MS-Access?
Ans: Text (Short Text) data type is
suitable to store the name of a student in MS-Access.
d. What is report?
Ans: Report is one of the MS-Access
database objects used to present information in an effective and organized
format that is ready for printing. The data sources for report are table and
query.
e. What is formal parameter?
Ans: Formal parameter are variables which
are used to specify or declare types of data to be passed to the procedure
either sub or function.
f. Write down two header files use in C language.
Ans: The two header files use in C language
are stdio.h and conio.h
2. Write appropriate technical term for the following:
a. The rule followed by computer in a network for
communication. Ans: Protocol
b. Learning through internet. Ans: E-learning
3. Write the full form of the following:
a. MODEM: Modulator-Demodulator
b. W3C: World Wide Web Consortium
GROUP
'B'
4. Answer the following questions:
a. Write the difference between client/server and peer
to peer network.
|
Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Network
|
Client-Server Network
|
|
A peer-to-peer (P2P) network is a network in which each
computer acts as both client and server, sharing files and resources directly
without a central server.
|
A client-server network is a network in which one or
more servers provide services and resources to client computers.
|
|
In a P2P network, failure of one computer does not
affect others.
|
In a client-server network, failure of the server
affects all clients.
|
|
It does not require a system administrator.
|
It requires a network administrator.
|
|
It has low security and difficult data backup and
recovery.
|
It has better security and easy centralized backup and
recovery.
|
b. What is computer UPS? Give the importance of UPS to
the computer system.
Ans: UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) is
a battery backed device that gives temporary power during outages, letting you
save data safely. UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) is important for a
computer system because of the following reasons:
1) It provides backup power during outages, giving enough
time to save data and shut down safely.
2) It stabilizes voltage and filters power, protecting
the computer from surges, sags, or spikes.
c. What is cryptography?
Ans: Cryptography is the technique of
protecting information by converting it into a coded form so that only
authorized users can access or understand it. Types of Cryptography are: a)
Encryption b) Decryption
d. What is e-commerce? Write down advantages of it.
Ans: E-Commerce (Electronic Commerce) is
the process of buying and selling goods and services online using the Internet.
Advantages (Benefits) of E-Commerce are:
a) Shop 24/7 from anywhere with Internet access.
b) Easily compare products, prices, and reviews.
e. What are the common models of e-commerce?
Ans: The common models (types) of
e-commerce are:
1. Business
to Consumer (B2C)
2. Business
to Business (B2B)
3. Consumer
to Consumer (C2C)
4. Consumer
to Business (C2B)
f. Write the difference between update query and
select query.
Ans: The differences between update query
and select query are as follows:
|
Select Query
|
Action Query
|
|
A Select Query is used to
retrieve and display data from table without changing it.
|
An Action Query is used to make changes to data in
table.
|
|
It does not make change to
database.
|
It makes change to database.
|
|
It is used to view or analyze
data.
|
It is used to add, update, delete, or create records.
|
|
Example: A Select Query can
show all students in Grade 10.
|
Example: An Action Query can increase employees’ salary
by 10%.
|
g. What is sorting? Write down two advantages of it.
Ans: Sorting is the process of arranging
all the records in a table either ascending or descending order based on one or
more fields.
Any two advantages of sorting are:
i) It makes it easier to find records quickly.
ii) It helps to analyse and compare data efficiently.
h. What is table? Which view use to create table?
Ans: A table is a collection of related
data organized in rows and columns in a database. Database is composed of one
or more tables. Design view is used to create table.
i. What is data type? Give examples.
Ans: Data type is a property in MS-Access
which is used to define the kind of data that a field can store, such as text,
numbers, dates, or objects. Examples of data types are: Text (Short Text), Memo
(Long Text), Number, Date/Time.
5. Write down the output of the given program:
DECLARE SUB SERIES ( )
CALL SERIES
END
SUB SERIES
N$ = “*”
FOR 1 TO 5
FOR J=1 TO I
PRINT N$;
NEXT J
PRINT
NEXT I
END SUB
Ans: Dry Run Table:
|
N$
|
FOR
1 TO 5
|
J=1
TO I
|
PRINT
N$
|
|
*
|
1 TO
5 Yes
|
1 TO
1 Yes
|
*
|
|
|
|
2 TO
1 No
|
|
|
|
2 TO
5 Yes
|
1 TO
2 Yes
|
*
|
|
|
|
2 TO
2 Yes
|
**
|
|
|
|
3 TO
2 No
|
|
|
|
3 TO
5 Yes
|
1 TO
3 Yes
|
*
|
|
|
|
2 TO
3 Yes
|
**
|
|
|
|
3 TO
3 Yes
|
***
|
|
|
|
4 TO
3 No
|
|
|
|
4 TO
5 Yes
|
1 TO
4 Yes
|
*
|
|
|
|
2 TO
4 Yes
|
**
|
|
|
|
3 TO
4 Yes
|
***
|
|
|
|
4 TO
4 Yes
|
****
|
|
|
|
5 TO
4 No
|
|
|
|
5 TO
5 Yes
|
1 TO
5 Yes
|
*
|
|
|
|
2 TO
5 Yes
|
**
|
|
|
|
3 TO
5 Yes
|
***
|
|
|
|
4 TO
5 Yes
|
****
|
|
|
|
5 TO
5 Yes
|
*****
|
|
|
|
6 TO
5 No
|
|
|
|
6 TO
5 No
Loop
Exits
|
|
|
The output of the Program is:
*
**
***
****
*****
6. Re-write the given program after correcting the
bugs:
DECLARE FUNCTION SQ$ (N)
CLS
FOR I=1 TO 10
DISPLAY SQ (N)
NEXT N
END
FUNCTION SQ (N)
SQ=N^2
END FUNNCTION
Ans:
Debugged Program:
DECLARE FUNCTION SQ (N)
CLS
FOR N=1 TO 10
PRINT SQ (N)
NEXT N
END
FUNCTION SQ (N)
SQ=N^2
END FUNCTION
7. Study the following program and answer the given
questions: 2x1=2
DIM N (10)
DECLARE SUB MIN (N ( ))
CLS
FOR I=1 TO 10
INPUT "ENTER A NUMBER"; N (I)
NEXT I
CALL MIN (N ( ))
END
SUB MIN (N ())
S=N (1)
FOR 1=2 TO 10
IF SN > N(I) THEN S=N (I)
NEXT I
PRINT "THE SMALLEST NUMBER=”;S
END SUB
a. Which is array variable in above program?
Ans: The array variable in above program is
N.
b. Which is control statement in above program?
Ans: The control statements in the program
are:
i) FOR...NEXT loop
ii) IF...THEN statement
8. Convert/Calculate as per the instruction:
a. (165)10 = (?)2 Ans:
(10100101)2
b. (101111)2=(?)8 Ans: (57)8
с. (101001) x (101) Ans:
(11001101)
d. (1101110) / (1101) Ans:
Q=1000 R=110
9. Answer the following questions:
a. Write a program in QBASIC that asks length in meter
then display length in centimeter by using FUNCTION. END FUNCTION and length in
millimeter by using SUB.. END SUB.
[Hint 1 meter = 100 Centimeters 1 meter= 1000
Millimeters]
DECLARE FUNCTION MTC(M)
DECLARE SUB MTM(M)
CLS
INPUT "Enter Length in meter: "; M
PRINT "Length in centimeter: "; MTC(M)
CALL MTM(M)
END
FUNCTION MTC(M)
CM = M * 100
MTC = CM
END FUNCTION
SUB MTM(M)
MM = M * 1000
PRINT "Length in millimeter: "; MM
END SUB
b. Write a program to read records from file name
"Rec.dat" and display all the records those post is manager. File
contains field names are employees Name, Post, Date of birth, e-mail address
and Salary.
OPEN "Rec.dat" FOR INPUT AS #1
CLS
WHILE NOT EOF(1)
INPUT #1, E$,
P$, D$, M$, S
IF UCASE$(P$) =
"MANAGER" THEN
PRINT
"Employee Name: "; E$
PRINT
"Post: "; P$
PRINT
"Date of Birth: "; D$
PRINT
"E-mail Address: "; M$
PRINT
"Salary: "; S
END IF
WEND
CLOSE #1
END
10. Write a program in C-language that ask length,
breadth and height then display volume of box. [Hint: volume = LxBxH]
#include <stdio.h>
int main( )
{
int l, b, h, v;
printf("Enter the length of
the box: ");
scanf("%f", &l);
printf("Enter the breadth of
the box: ");
scanf("%f", &b);
printf("Enter the height of
the box: ");
scanf("%f", &h);
v = l * b * h;
printf("The volume of the
box is %d", v);
return 0;
}
OR
Write a program in C-language to display the series 5,
10, 15, 20, 25 up to 10th term.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 5, i;
for (i = 1; i
<= 10; i++)
{
printf("%d ", a);
a = a + 5;
}
return 0;
}
SET 14: PRE-PABSON EXAMINATION 2082
Group ‘A'
1.
Answer the following questions in one
sentence:
a)
Define network protocol.
Ans: A set of rules followed for
interconnection and communication between computers in a network is called a
protocol. Example: TCP/IP, FTP, SMTP.
b)
List some areas where AI can help us.
Ans: Some areas where AI can help us
are:
1. Healthcare: Medical diagnosis and
treatment planning
2. Finance: Fraud detection and
prevention
c)
What is the size of YES/NO field in MS-Access?
Ans: The size of YES/NO field in
MS-Access is 1 bit.
d)
Write any two examples database management system?
Ans: Any two examples database
management system are MS Access and Oracle.
e)
What is the use of EOF( ) function?
Ans: The use of EOF( ) function to check
whether the record pointer reaches at end of file or not.
f)
Write any two-format specifier used in C language.
Ans: Any two format specifier used in C
language are: %d (int) and %f (float)
2.
Write appropriate technical term for the following:
a) A
device that connects two dissimilar networks. Ans: Gateway
b)
Delivery of different services through the internet. Ans: Cloud
Computing
3.
Write the full form of the
following:
a) G2B: Government
to Business
b)
TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
Group ‘B'
4.
Answer the following
questions:
a)
Differentiate between LAN and WAN (any two points).
Ans: The difference between LAN and WAN
are:
|
LAN (Local Area Network)
|
WAN (Wide Area Network)
|
|
A LAN is a network that
connects computers and devices within a small area such as a home, office, or
school.
|
A WAN is a network that connects computers and devices
over a very large area, such as a country or the whole world, often using
satellite, microwave
|
|
It has low setup and
maintenance cost.
|
It has high setup and maintenance cost.
|
|
It is owned and managed by an
individual or organization.
|
It is owned and managed by multiple organizations.
|
|
Examples: Computer lab network,
cybercafé network.
|
Examples: Internet, 4G mobile network, satellite
communication.
|
b)
What is cybercrime? Write two examples of cybercrime.
Ans: Cybercrime refers to illegal
activities carried out using the computers, internet and digital technologies,
such as hacking, phishing, cyberbullying, identity theft, online fraud and
spreading malicious software. Any two examples of cybercrime are: phishing and
hacking.
c)
What is firewall? Why is it important in network security?
Ans: A firewall is a security system
that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic to protect
systems from unauthorized access and cyber threats.
It is
important in network security because:
a) Prevents unauthorized users from
accessing a network or computer system.
b) Controls and filters incoming and
outgoing network traffic based on security rules.
d)
Mention any two benefits and any two limitations of e-commerce.
Ans: Any two benefits of E-commerce are:
a) Shop
24/7 from anywhere with Internet access.
b)
Easily compare products, prices, and reviews.
Any two
limitations of E-commerce are:
a) No
personal touch; cannot physically check goods before buying.
b)
Requires Internet and devices; dependent on technology.
e)
What is virtual reality? List any two advantages of it.
Ans: Virtual reality (VR) is a
technology that creates a simulated environment, allowing users to immerse
themselves in a three-dimensional (3D) world that they can interact with.
Any two
advantages of Virtual Reality:
1. VR makes playing games and exploring
places more exciting because it feels real.
2. VR helps students learn by letting
them explore virtual ancient cities or cells.
f)
What are field properties? Name any four of them.
Ans: Field properties are the
settings of a field that control how data is stored, displayed, and entered in
a table.
Any four field properties are: a) Field Size b) Format
c) Default Value d) Validation Rule
e) Validation Text
g)
What are validation text and validation rules?
Ans: Validation
Rule is a field property which is used to limit the values that can be entered
into a field.
Validation
Text is a field property which displays an error message that appears if the
data entered is invalid according to the specified validation rule.
h)
What is query? List the different type of query.
Ans: Query is one of the MS-Access database objects that is used
to view, retrieve, change and analyze records from a table or multiple linked
tables based on specified condition.
Types of query are:
1. Select Query
2. Action Query (Append, Update, Delete and Make
Table)
i) What
is the importance of forms and reports in MS-Access.
Ans: The importance of form is to
provide graphical interface to view, modify and add data in a table or multiple
linked tables.
The
importance of report is to present information in an effective and organized
format that is ready for printing.
5.
Write down the output of the given program.
DECLARE
SUB Show (ABC$)
CLS
ABC$=”MAZNEGBT”
CALL
Show (ABC$)
END
SUB Show
(ABC$)
Y=48
FOR I=1
TO 4
N=Y MOD
7
PRINT
MID$(ABC$, N, 1)
Y = Y –
1
NEXT I
END SUB
Ans:
|
ABC$ Y=48 I N OUTPUT
MAZNEGBT 47
1 6 G
46 2 5 E
45 3 4 N
44 4 3 Z
|
The
output of the program is
G
E
N
Z
6.
Re-write the given program after correcting the
bugs:
REM to
count total no. of passed student
WHILE
NOT EOF( )
OPEN
“pab.txt” FOR OUTPUT AS#1
INPUT#2,ID,M1,M2,M3
IF
M1>=32, M2>=32, M3>=32 THEN
X=X+1
END IF
WEND
PRINT
"TOTAL RECORD";X
END
Ans: Debugged Program:
REM to
count total no. of passed student
OPEN
“pab.txt” FOR INPUT AS#1
WHILE
NOT EOF(1)
INPUT#1,ID,M1,M2,M3
IF M1>=32
AND M2>=32 AND M3>=32 THEN
X=X+1
END IF
WEND
PRINT
"TOTAL RECORD";X
CLOSE
#1
END
7.
Study the following program and answer the given questions:
DECLARE
FUNCTION TOT(N$)
INPUT
"Enter a word"; R$
X=TOT(R$)
PRINT X
END
FUNCTION
TOT(N$)
FOR K=1
TO LEN(N$)
Y$=MID$(N$,K,1)
IF
UCASE$(Y$)="A" THEN
X=X+1
ENDIF
NEXT K
TOT=X
END
FUNCTION
a)
List any two library functions used in above program.
Ans: Two library functions used in
above program are UCASE$( ) and MID$( ).
b)
Write the use of variable "X" in line 3 [i.e. X=TOT(R$)]
Ans: The use of variable "X"
in line 3 [i.e. X=TOT(R$)] is to store the value (occurrence of character “A”)
returned by TOT(R$) function.
Group ‘C’
8.
Convert / calculate as per the instruction:
i)
(101011 + 1101 ) - ( 10011 )
ii) (
11011 × 11 ) + (101)
iii) (
235 )10 into
octal
iv) (
9A5 )16 into binary
Ans:
i)
100101 ii) 10101102
iii) 353 in
octal
iv) 1001 1010 0101 in binary
9. a)
Write a program in QBASIC that asks two numbers to find sum of squares of two
numbers using SUB…. END SUB program and average of two numbers using
FUNCTION…END FUNCTION.
DECLARE
SUB SSQ (A, B)
DECLARE
FUNCTION AVERAGE (A, B)
CLS
INPUT
“ENTER FIRST NUMBER”; A
INPUT
“ENTER SECOND NUMBER”; B
PRINT
“AVERAGE OF TWO NUMBERS”; AVERAGE (A, B)
CALL SSQ
(A, B)
END
FUNCTION
AVERAGE (A, B)
AVERAGE
= (A + B) / 2
END
FUNCTION
SUB SSQ
(A, B)
SUM=A^2+B^2
PRINT
"SUM OF SQUARE OF TWO NUMBERS ARE:"SUM
END SUB
b) Write
a program to open data file detail.dat which may contain name, address, gender
and salary. The program should allow user to add few records on it.
OPEN
"detail.dat" FOR APPEND AS #1
DO
INPUT "Enter name "; N$
INPUT "Enter address "; Ad$
INPUT "Enter gender "; G$
INPUT "Enter salary "; S
WRITE #1, N$, Ad$, G$, S
INPUT "Do you want to add more records
(Y/N) "; Y$
LOOP
WHILE UCASE$(Y$) = "Y"
CLOSE #1
END
10.
Write a program in 'C' to check whether a number is odd or even.
Ans:
#include<stdio.h>
int
main( )
{
int
a;
printf(“Enter
any number”);
scanf(“%d”,
&a);
if
(a %2==0)
printf("It
is EVEN");
else
printf("It
is ODD");
return
0;
}
OR
Write
a program in ‘C' language to display the series with their sum. 2,4,6,8,….., up
to 10th terms.
#include<stdio.h>
int
main( )
{
int a=2,
s=0, i;
for (
i=1;i<=10;i++)
{
printf("%d",a);
s=s+a;
a=a+2;
}
printf("%d",s);
return
0;
}
